- rest - ekg - nitro - vitals - morphine - O2 - nitro - asprin

- take nitro prophylactically before sex - avoid isometric exercise

- nitrates - beta blockers - ccbs

comprehensive MS2 portion Flashcards by Brylan !!!

angina is

chest pain, pressure, or discomfort

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unstable angina is

not relieved by rest or nitro

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NSTEMI

partial occlusion

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STEMI

total occlusion

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stable angina is relieved by

rest and nitro

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nitroglycerin (NTG) causes

vasodilation which can cause a headache and tingly sensation in the patient

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nitro can be administered __ times, ___ min apart

3 times, 5 min apart

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no _____ meds when taking NTG

erectile dysfunction

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nitro treats

angina

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angina Ix (8)

rest
ekg
nitro
vitals
morphine
O2
nitro
asprin

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angina teaching (2)

take nitro prophylactically before sex

- avoid isometric exercise

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antianginal meds

nitrates
beta blockers
ccbs

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cholesterol lvls should be

200 or less

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LDL is

bad cholesterol

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HDL

good cholesterol

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female MIs take longer to ID because

they present w epigastric/back pain, or SOB and fatigued; not typical MI pain

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MI Dx

troponin lvls

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troponin greater than ___ indicates an MI

0.5

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MI Ix (MONA)

morphine
O2
nitro
asprin

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a fib pts are at risk for

stroke

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afib tx

anticoags

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aflutter looks like

saw tooth

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aflutter tx

anticoags

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vtach causes

impaired cardiac output

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vfib is

EMERGENT

vfib pts need

CPR, defib

atropine elevates

adenosine restarts

the heart

endocarditis/pericarditis causes (2)

- rheumatic heart disease | - dental procedures

endocarditis s/s (5)

- fever - chills - night sweats - murmurs - symptoms of HF

pericarditis s/s (3)

- sudden sharp pain - pericardial friction rub - fever

pericardiocentesis procedure

removes fluid from pericardium

pericardiocentesis positioning

tripod

valvular heart diseases can be

stenosis or regurgitation

mitral stenosis patho

blood regurgitated back into L. atrium from L. ventricle

mitral stenosis is commonly caused by

rheumatic fever

mitral stenosis Tx (4)

valve replacement anticoags dental procedures prophylactic antibiotics

shock can lead to

SIRS, MODS, DIC and death

What are the 5 types of shock?

1. Hypovolemic 2. Cardiogenic 3. Neurogenic 4. Anaphylactic 5. Septic

which shocks have decreased BP and increased HR

all but neuro

which shock has a drop in BP and HR

neurogenic

hypovolemic shock is caused by

loss of fluid vol

how is hypovol shock treated (2)

albumin | blood trans if hgb less than 8

cardiogenic shock is caused by

damage to heart muscle; decreased perfusion

neurogenic shock is caused by

spinal cord injury

septic shock is caused by

infection

what is ARDS

fluid in alveoli; interferes w gas exchange

ARDs s/s (9)

``` Early: -restless -tachycardia -anxiety -dyspnea Late: -sepsis -decreased LOC -crackles -rhonchi -resp distress ```

ARDS Ix (6)

- clear secretions - effective cough - BIPAP/CPAP - elevate HOB - oral hygiene - intubation

what is a pneumothorax

part of lung closed by air/blood

pneumothorax s/s (2)

- absent lung sounds | - tracheal deviation

chest tube continuous bubbling could indicate

air leak

pyelonephritis is

UTI gone bad

glomerulonephritis is

inflam of kidneys

glomerulonephritis is caused by

strep a

glomerulonephritis pts are at risk for

FVO

glomerulonephritis pts should have what restricted?

protein

nephrotic syndrome is

increased permeability of kidneys; little holes

nephrotic syndrome s/s (2)

proteinuria | low bp

nephrotic synd Tx

protein then diuretics

obstructive uropathy is

renal calculi

AKI 3 phases

1. Oliguric: urinating little 2. Diuretic: little better 3. Recovery: can take up to a year

chronic renal failure diet

- low protein - low sodium - increased milk, eggs, meat - increase calories, 2500/day

epogen causes

bone pain

normal albumin lvls

3.5-5.0

Hepatitis that comes from bowel

A, E

hepatitis w vaccines

A, B

hepatitis that comes from blood

B, C

icteric is

clay colored stools, dark urine

hepatitis Ix (4)

- increase cal - sm freq meals - avoid alcohol/aspirin - wash hands!

cirrhosis leads to

cirrhosis->portal HTN->edema->ascites->esophageal varices->hepatic encephalopathy

esophageal varices put the patient at risk for

high rx bleeding

encephalopathy is

increased ammonia lvls

encephalopathy tx

lactulose

asterixis is

hand tremor

cirrhosis leads to decreased __ &___

Na+ & K+

pancreatitis is caused by

alcohol

cushings triad is

widening pulse pressure systolic HTN kussmaul resp

parkland formula

4mlxTBSAxKg