comprehensive final exam Flashcards
Fire Safety:
R. A. C. E
R-rescue
A- alarm
C- confine
E- Extinguish
Fire extinguishers:
P. A. S. S.
P- Pull (the pin)
A- Aim nozzle at base of fire
S- Squeeze (the handle)
S- Sweep (the extinguisher back and forth
Who is responsible for patient safety?
Everyone
Code Red
Fire
Code Blue
Heart/ respiratory emergency
Code Orange
Hazardous material spill or release
Code Grey
Combative person
Code Silver
Person with weapon/ hostage situation
Amber Alert
Infant or child abduction
External Triage
External disaster
Allergies (Mild reaction)
Reaction of immune system to an allergen, can be severe, For mild reaction remove allergen if possible and control symptoms and monitor for worsening symptoms
Allergies ( severe reaction)
call 911, administer rescue breathing if necessary, use EpiPen if patient has one, Patient should go to emergency department regardless of whether symptoms resolve.
Shock
results from traumatic event or injury. Pale, moist, cool skin, shallow, irregular breathing, rapid pulse, dilated pupils, sweating, nausea, dizziness. Call 911, remove cause of shock (if able). Position patient in supine, with lower extremities elevated, cover with blanket and do not let patient eat/ drink.
Lacerations
cut in tissue.
Address blood loss; apply pressure, elevate body part, prevent patient from using affected body part, call 911 if necessary, follow infection control procedures
Choking
Treatment is determined by patient age and whether conscious or unconscious
Conscious infant: series of back blows and chest compressions until object is dislodged or baby becomes unconscious
Unconscious infant: administer (CPR)
Conscious child/adult: administer Heimlich maneuver until object is dislodged or person becomes unconscious
Unconscious child/adult: administer CPR
Orthostatic Hypotension
sudden droop in blood pressure with change of position/ posture. Symptoms are dizziness, nausea, blurry vision, or syncope, as well as drop in blood pressure
If symptoms are mild, have patient sit or stand quietly until they resolve
If symptoms are severe, have patient return to sitting or supine
Can use abdominal binder or tilt table to help patient acclimate to upright postures
Autonomic Hyperreflexia (Dysreflexia)
Patients with spinal cord injuries in which a noxious stimulus causes life-threatening changes to blood pressure
Symptoms are high blood pressure, headache, flushed face, sweating above the lesion level, piloerection below the lesion level, nausea, slow pulse, and cold/clammy skin below the lesion level
Call 911 or staff emergency
Remove the noxious stimulus if able
Cardiac arrest
The heart abruptly stops functioning
Symptoms include sudden loss in consciousness and abnormal or no breathing
Call 911
Administer CPR
Stroke
CVA
Loss of blood supply to the brain
FAST acronym: BOX 12-5
Call 911
Administer CPR if necessary
Diabetes
Type I
Type II
Hypoglycemia: too low blood sugar; fatigue, anxiety, sweating, hunger, irritability, shakiness; loss of consciousness, confusion
Hyperglycemia: too high blood sugar; frequent urination, blurred vision, fatigue, headache, nausea/vomiting, shortness of breath, coma
Have patient check blood sugar
If too low, administer some form of sugar (juice, candy)
If too high, have patient take insulin
Burns
Call 911 if needed and prevent shock
Prevent infection in minor burns
Follow safety data sheets procedures for chemical burns
Initiate CPR for severe burns if needed
Siezures
Electrical activity in brain surges/changes
Patient may have aura, migraine, or other signs the seizure is coming
Patient may lose consciousness, stare off into space, see flashing lights, or have increased/decreased muscle tone and convulsions
Make sure patient is safe on the floor
Do not put anything in patient’s mouth or try to stop seizure
Move glasses, loosen shirts/ties
If seizure lasts longer than 5 minutes, call 911
Fractures
Broken bone
Protect fracture site and prevent shock
Call 911 if fracture is severe; otherwise transport to emergency department
Apply towel or dressing if fracture is open and there is bleeding
If fracture is to the spine, do not move the patient
Heat Exhaustion Versus Heat Stroke
Heat Exhaustion: sweating, dizziness, rapid pulse, nausea, muscle cramps
Patient should rest and stay cool while also hydrating
Treatment: BOX 12-8
Heat Stroke: high body temps, altered mental status, nausea/vomiting, flushed skin, rapid breathing, racing pulse, headache
Call 911; patient semireclined in the shade; remove outer clothing; monitor vitals; apply cold, wet compresses to wrists, ankles, groin, axilla, and neck
