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comprehensive final exam Flashcards

1
Q

Fire Safety:
R. A. C. E

A

R-rescue
A- alarm
C- confine
E- Extinguish

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2
Q

Fire extinguishers:
P. A. S. S.

A

P- Pull (the pin)
A- Aim nozzle at base of fire
S- Squeeze (the handle)
S- Sweep (the extinguisher back and forth

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3
Q

Who is responsible for patient safety?

A

Everyone

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4
Q

Code Red

A

Fire

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5
Q

Code Blue

A

Heart/ respiratory emergency

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6
Q

Code Orange

A

Hazardous material spill or release

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7
Q

Code Grey

A

Combative person

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8
Q

Code Silver

A

Person with weapon/ hostage situation

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9
Q

Amber Alert

A

Infant or child abduction

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10
Q

External Triage

A

External disaster

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11
Q

Allergies (Mild reaction)

A

Reaction of immune system to an allergen, can be severe, For mild reaction remove allergen if possible and control symptoms and monitor for worsening symptoms

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12
Q

Allergies ( severe reaction)

A

call 911, administer rescue breathing if necessary, use EpiPen if patient has one, Patient should go to emergency department regardless of whether symptoms resolve.

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13
Q

Shock

A

results from traumatic event or injury. Pale, moist, cool skin, shallow, irregular breathing, rapid pulse, dilated pupils, sweating, nausea, dizziness. Call 911, remove cause of shock (if able). Position patient in supine, with lower extremities elevated, cover with blanket and do not let patient eat/ drink.

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14
Q

Lacerations

A

cut in tissue.
Address blood loss; apply pressure, elevate body part, prevent patient from using affected body part, call 911 if necessary, follow infection control procedures

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15
Q

Choking

A

Treatment is determined by patient age and whether conscious or unconscious
Conscious infant: series of back blows and chest compressions until object is dislodged or baby becomes unconscious
Unconscious infant: administer (CPR)
Conscious child/adult: administer Heimlich maneuver until object is dislodged or person becomes unconscious
Unconscious child/adult: administer CPR

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16
Q

Orthostatic Hypotension

A

sudden droop in blood pressure with change of position/ posture. Symptoms are dizziness, nausea, blurry vision, or syncope, as well as drop in blood pressure
If symptoms are mild, have patient sit or stand quietly until they resolve
If symptoms are severe, have patient return to sitting or supine
Can use abdominal binder or tilt table to help patient acclimate to upright postures

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17
Q

Autonomic Hyperreflexia (Dysreflexia)

A

Patients with spinal cord injuries in which a noxious stimulus causes life-threatening changes to blood pressure
Symptoms are high blood pressure, headache, flushed face, sweating above the lesion level, piloerection below the lesion level, nausea, slow pulse, and cold/clammy skin below the lesion level
Call 911 or staff emergency
Remove the noxious stimulus if able

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18
Q

Cardiac arrest

A

The heart abruptly stops functioning
Symptoms include sudden loss in consciousness and abnormal or no breathing
Call 911
Administer CPR

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19
Q

Stroke

A

CVA
Loss of blood supply to the brain
FAST acronym: BOX 12-5
Call 911
Administer CPR if necessary

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20
Q

Diabetes

A

Type I
Type II
Hypoglycemia: too low blood sugar; fatigue, anxiety, sweating, hunger, irritability, shakiness; loss of consciousness, confusion
Hyperglycemia: too high blood sugar; frequent urination, blurred vision, fatigue, headache, nausea/vomiting, shortness of breath, coma
Have patient check blood sugar
If too low, administer some form of sugar (juice, candy)
If too high, have patient take insulin

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21
Q

Burns

A

Call 911 if needed and prevent shock
Prevent infection in minor burns
Follow safety data sheets procedures for chemical burns
Initiate CPR for severe burns if needed

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22
Q

Siezures

A

Electrical activity in brain surges/changes
Patient may have aura, migraine, or other signs the seizure is coming
Patient may lose consciousness, stare off into space, see flashing lights, or have increased/decreased muscle tone and convulsions
Make sure patient is safe on the floor
Do not put anything in patient’s mouth or try to stop seizure
Move glasses, loosen shirts/ties
If seizure lasts longer than 5 minutes, call 911

23
Q

Fractures

A

Broken bone
Protect fracture site and prevent shock
Call 911 if fracture is severe; otherwise transport to emergency department
Apply towel or dressing if fracture is open and there is bleeding
If fracture is to the spine, do not move the patient

24
Q

Heat Exhaustion Versus Heat Stroke

A

Heat Exhaustion: sweating, dizziness, rapid pulse, nausea, muscle cramps
Patient should rest and stay cool while also hydrating
Treatment: BOX 12-8
Heat Stroke: high body temps, altered mental status, nausea/vomiting, flushed skin, rapid breathing, racing pulse, headache
Call 911; patient semireclined in the shade; remove outer clothing; monitor vitals; apply cold, wet compresses to wrists, ankles, groin, axilla, and neck

25
Q

Falls

A

Common in elderly but can happen to anyone
Know the risk factors for falls
Prevent shock and treat injury as needed
May need to call 911 if injury is severe

26
Q

Falls prevention/causes

A

Causes of Falls
Risk-related activities
Carelessness
Health/wellness issues
Process of aging
Prevention
Environment
Exercise
Caution
Assessments Predictive of Falls
Tinetti Assessment
Berg Balance Test
Timed Up and Go Test (TUG)
Time One-Legged Standing Test
Czuka’s Sit-to-Stand Test
Dynamic Gait Index

27
Q

Infection control; Modes of transmission

A

Direct contact, air currents, contaminated linen or clothing, inadequately cleansed eating utensils, instruments, toys or equipment, moisture droplets,

28
Q

Infection control

A

hand-washing, isolation procedures, sterile fields, standard precaution

29
Q

Handwashing procedure

A

Remove jewelry from hands/wrists
2. Turn on the water to preferred
temperature; wet hands
3. Apply soap to hands, and wash with
hands pointed down
4. Scrub for 40-60 seconds, including
palms, between fingers, fingernails, and
dorsum of hand
5. Rinse hands, again with hands pointed
down
6. Dry hands with paper towel; use the
paper towel to turn off the water, and
then discard the paper towel

30
Q

Types of isolation

A

Contact: direct (person) or indirect (object)
Droplet: sneezing, coughing, talking,
Airborne: small infectious particles in the respirable size range
Airborne plus contact
(Other: Protective)

31
Q

Standard precautions

A

Preform hand hygiene, use PPE: gloves, gowns, mask, respiration, show coverings,face shields., Follow respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette, Ensure proper patient placement, Properly handle and clean/disinfect pt care equipment/instruments/devices
and environment, andle textiles/laundry carefully,Follow safe injection practices, Ensure health care worker safety, including handling of sharps Follow sharps safety procedure: no bending, recapping, or breaking of
needles; dispose of in sharps container; report incidents or contact with
infectious materials immediately

32
Q

PPE: Donning/ Doffing

A

Donning: Wash hands, appropriate PPE for condition, gown, mask, respirator, goggles, face shield, gloves
Doffing: remove gloves, eye protection, gown, mask, respirator, wash hands

33
Q

Osha guidlines

A

Use protective equipment and clothing.
Dispose of wastes in proper containers.
Dispose of sharps in proper containers.
Keep work and patient care areas clean.
Wash hands before and immediately following removal of gloves.

34
Q

Responsibilities of Healthcare Facilities

A

Educate employees.
Provide safe and adequate personal protective equipment.
Educate on prevention of transmission.
Provide proper disposal containers.
Offer HBV vaccine.
Provide follow-up care to employees exposed to communicable diseases.

35
Q

What is Nosocomial infection?

A

Health/ hospital associated infections

36
Q

Dialysis: Types/ treatments

A

Dialysis cleans/ filters blood of impurities while restoring a normal level of electrolytes and preventing infections. Types… Hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Hemodialysis uses an artificial kidney to remove waste and extra fluid from the blood. Peritoneal Dialysis cleanses the blood inside the body by having a plastic catheter inserted into the abdomen

37
Q

pressure places in positioning
Supine

A

heels, sacrum, elbows, scapulae, back of head

38
Q

pressure places in positioning
sitting

A

scapulae, sacrum, coccyx, ischial tuberosities, heels,

39
Q

pressure places in positioning
prone

A

toes, patellae, iliac crests, acromion process, ear/ cheek

40
Q

pressure places in positioning
side-lying

A

malledi, medial/ lateral condyles, greater trochanter, acromian process, ear

41
Q

Plumb line

A

In a sagittal plane the plumb line should bisect the patients ear, midline of accromian

42
Q

Principles of body mechanics

A

Plan movements ahead of time, shorten lever arm , lower COG, widen stance, avoid trunk rotation/ flexion, pushing/ pulling is preferable to lifting, maintain lumbar lordosis when listing, don’t lift beyond capability

43
Q

causes of poor posture

A

Muscle weakness
Body deformities
Lax ligaments
Soft tissue tightness
Abnormal muscle tone
Abnormal pelvic angles or joint positions

44
Q

Normal adult heart rate

A

60 to 100

45
Q

what affects heart rate

A

age, sex, exercise, disease processes, medications/pace makes, emotional status/stress, infection, environmental temperature,

46
Q

Normal respiratory rate

A

12 to 16 breaths per min

47
Q

Normal Sp02

A

95% to 100%

48
Q

normal blood pressure

A

less than 120/ 80

49
Q

temperature

A

97.8 to 99

50
Q

Which healthcare profession guides the patient through IADL activities in the interprofessional team

A

occupational therapist

51
Q

turning radius for wheelchair

A

36 inches

52
Q

communication and swallowing disorders

A

speech, voice, language, cognition,swallowing/ dysphagia

53
Q

H. I. P. A. A.

A

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

54
Q

FAST

A

Face
Arms
Speech
Time

PTA (1 decks)

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