Comprehensive Drugs Flashcards
muscle relaxant exhibiting vagolytic activity
pancuronium
metabolism and fate of morphine
Metabolized via conjugation with glucuronic acid in the liver and the kidneys; major metabolite is morphine 6-glucaronide (active metabolite and more potent than morphine)
causes of increased blood glucose levels - corticosteroid therapy
Glucocorticoids (esp. prednisolone and dexamethasone) oppose insulin action and stimulate gluconeogenesis, especially in the liver, resulting in a net increase in hepatic glucose output
initial IV labetalol dose
5-10 mg (0.1-0.5 mg/kg)
dobutamine infusion dose
0.5 - 20 mcg/kg/min
What type of diuretic is furosemide?
loop (ascending)
loading dose for amiodarone
300mg for cardiac arrest; 150mg for cardiac dysrhythmias
infusion dose of insulin
0.5 -3 units/hour
phenylepherine acts on which receptors?
alpha 1
which vasoactive infusion drugs must be protected from light?
Sodium Nitroprusside, Nifidipine, and Nicardipine must be protected from light
Why is there a risk of hypokalemia with HCTZ usage
Potassium will be wasted in the urine
HCTZ, side effects
*Hypokalemic Hypochloremic Metabolic Alkalosis, orthostatic hypotension, dysrhythmias, hypoK+, hypovolemia, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, renal/hepatic failure
Propofol TIVA infusion dose
TIVA: 100-200 mcg/kg/min
meperidine side effects
Anti-muscarinic effects (atropine-like), tachycardia, seizures, itching, histamine release
Which vasoactive drug exhibits tachyphylaxis on infusion?
SNP
sympathomimetics with negligible effect on beta-2 adrenergic receptors
Norepi, Phenylephrine, Methoxamine
epinephrine infusion, dosage rate
4-10 mcg/min
droperidol contraindications
Increases QT interval, so contraindicated in patient’s with prolonged QT intervals already. Also contraindicated in parkinson’s disease.
NTGs mechanism of action
increases NO release from tissues; NO upregulates cGMP = vasodilation
propofol - reason for white appearance
Scattering of light from the very small (150nm) oil droplets
time for infusion of vancomycin
at least 45 mins
action of hydromorphone
μ-opiod agonist; 8x as potent as morphine
SNP tachyphylaxis can be an early warning for what? How is it treated?
An early sign of cyanide toxicity; Treatment: stop the infusion, 100% O2, treat the acidosis with sodium bicarb…a sodium thiosulfate infusion will bind the excess cyanide…a sodium nitrite infusion will increase methemoglobin to bind more cyanide
