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Teaching Certificate > Comprehension of Text > Flashcards

Comprehension of Text Flashcards

1
Q

Root word

A

(Base word) = Main component of a given word

example: in DECOMPRESSION, the root = compress

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2
Q

Prefix

A

Begins a word, this changes the word’s meaning or makes a new word.

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3
Q

Suffix

A

Ends a word, this indicates whether a word is a noun, verb, adjective, or adverb. It can modify or extend meaning.

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4
Q

Affix

A

Linguistic set of letters added to a word to affect its meaning.

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5
Q

Prefix, suffix, root of “REPORTER”.

A 
Prefix = re
Root = PORT
Suffix = er
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6
Q

Syntax

A

The arrangements of words/phrases to create well-formed sentences in language.

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7
Q

Noun

A

Person, place or thing

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8
Q

Adjective

A

Describes or modifies a noun

example: happy, red, obnoxious, quick

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9
Q

Verb

A

An action, something you do.

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10
Q

Adverb

A

Modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb. Often end in -ly.
(example: She was quite red. Very tall. He sings too loudly.)

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11
Q

Prefixes have…

A

Fixed meanings.

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12
Q

Suffixes can indicate…

A

Whether a word is a noun, verb, adjective, or adverb.

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13
Q

Context

COMPREHENSION STRATEGY

A

When it’s hard to know what a word means readers use sentence structure and syntax (arrangement of words) to find context clues.

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14
Q

Context Clues

A

Clues in the text that elude to what’s being talked about.

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15
Q

Restatement

COMPREHENSION STRATEGY

A

Often times meaning of a difficult word is clarified in a statement by author using another word or way to say what was confusing to reader.

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16
Q

Comparison/Contrast

COMPREHENSION STRATEGY

A

Uses words to say what the confusing word is like or not like.
(example words for comparison: like, similar, to, as, also, same as, other
example words for contrast: but, although, on the other hand, as opposed to, unlike)

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17
Q

Cause & Effect

COMPREHENSION STRATEGY

A

Helps reader understand sentence structure as well as meaning of difficult words.
(example: They controlled fire. (CAUSE) They were able to keep warm. (EFFECT))

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18
Q

It was COLD in the Proterozoic Age, why do you think they called it the ICE age? (What kind of comprehension strategy?)

A

Restatement.

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19
Q

Adage

A

Pithy phrase or saying people adopt OVER TIME because it holds some validity/truth.
(example: You can’t judge a book by its cover.)

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20
Q

Connotative words

A

Implied meaning words have and are dependent on being correctly understood. Nuances of meanings.
(example: happy vs. blissful - blissful could mean serene happiness or that someone is unaware of something)

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21
Q

Connotation

A

Idea of feeling that a word invokes aside in addition to its literal meaning. Overtone. Undertone. Implication.
(example: Hearing the word “discipline” = unhappy feelings of punishment)

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22
Q

Denotative words

A

Words that are specific in meaning and cannot be assumed it is something else.
(example: TABLE = furniture and nothing else.)

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23
Q

Idiom

A

Colorful word/expression used to convey an idea in an alternative way.
(example: It’s raining cats and dogs.)

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24
Q

Figurative Language

A

Author’s use of a word/phrase in a way that’s NOT supposed to be interpreted literally.
(example: My dog named Rainbow.)

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25
Q

Simile

A

When used “like” or “as” in a comparison.

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26
Q

Metaphor

A

The author compares 2 things by using one kind of object in place of another to suggest a likeness between the two.

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27
Q

“Good as gold.”

A

Simile.

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28
Q

“Heart of gold.”

A

Metaphor.

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29
Q

“You can’t take it with you.”

A

Adage.

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30
Q

“The other side.”

A

Idiom referring to heaven.

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31
Q

Synonym

A

Words that have the same or similar feelings.

example: movie/films

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32
Q

Antonym

A

Words that have the opposite meanings.

example: fat/thin

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33
Q

Homophone

A

Words that sound alike but are spelled different and have different definitions.
(example: rain, reign)

34
Q

Homograph

A

Words that are spelled the same but have different meanings and often different pronunciations.
(example: tear (in shirt), tear (in eye) )

35
Q

Homonyms

A

Words grouped that sound alike but have different definintions.
Can or cannot be spelled the same.

36
Q

2 types of homonyms.

A

1) Homophone

2) Homograph

37
Q

Accept & Except
Capitol & Capital.
Emigrate & Immigrate.
Than & Then.

A

Homophones.

38
Q

Down (a lower place) & Down (soft fluff on a bird)

Bat (animal) & Bat (sports equipment)

A

Homographs.

39
Q

Examples of informational texts.

A 
Receipts
Newspapers
Magazines
Blogs
Road signs
40
Q

Exposition

A

The putting forth of meaning/intent (aka information.)

41
Q

Skimming vs. Scanning

A 
Skimming = Quickly looking for THEMES or MAIN IDEAS ideas by reading fast. 
Scanning = Looking for specific WORDS or PHRASES.
42
Q

Cause & Effect

INFORMATION CONVEYING

A

Text describes events and identifies/implies causal factors.
(example: article on clear cutting AND describes effects on environment)

43
Q

Compare & Contrast

INFORMATION CONVEYING

A

Use comparison to describe ideas to readers. Uses similes, metaphors, analogies.
(example: Photo essay that shows clear-cutting in Pacific NW to similar situation in Central America)

44
Q

Problem & Solution

INFORMATION CONVEYING

A

Introduce and describe problem THEN presents solutions to that problem.
(example: Article on water conservation and then steps community can take to conserve water.)

45
Q

Sequence-Time aka “Sequencing”

INFORMATION CONVEYING

A 
Chronological info reveals events in a sequence from beginning to end. Dates (specific) and time signal chronological structures but also words: 
first
then
next 
finally
46
Q

Classification

INFORMATION CONVEYING

A

Variety of info is presented about a particular subject.

example: book that gives facts about birds

47
Q

Generalization

INFORMATION CONVEYING

A

Variety of info presented and MAKES A GENERALIZATION about particular subject using examples from prior info.
(Book that makes a general statement about birds after presenting wide variety of facts)

48
Q

Point of View (POV)

A

Author’s perspective or a device he/she uses to garner a particular response from a reader

49
Q

Inference

A

Making logical conclusions from known premises. To infer.

50
Q

Facts

A

Things that can be proven true.

example: earth is round

51
Q

Opinions

A

Statements we believe to be true. Difficult or impossible to prove.
(example: Chocolate is the best flavor)

52
Q

Fact =
Opinion =
Inference =

A 
Fact = true
Opinion = MY true
Inference = Conclusion drawn from text
53
Q

Bandwagon

PERSUASION TECHNIQUES

A

Convince you to do/believe because everyone else is

54
Q

Testimonial

PERSUASION TECHNIQUES

A

Convince you because someone rich or famous endorses product/idea

55
Q

Emotive (emotions)

PERSUASION TECHNIQUES

A

Uses words/images that appeal to reader’s/viewer’s emotions
(example: positive emotions = success,
negative emotions = fear)

56
Q

Everyday People

PERSUASION TECHNIQUES

A

Trust them because they are “just like you.”

57
Q

Rich & Famous

PERSUASION TECHNIQUES

A

Suggest if you buy you will be wealthy/attractive.

58
Q

5 components to a Plot

A

1) Conflict: initial incident, beginning of story
2) Rising Action: events created by conflict
3) CLIMAX: turning point of the story
4) Falling Action (Denouement): Conflict unravels
5) Resolution: How conflict is resolved

59
Q

Denouement

A

Means in French “to untie.”

60
Q

Plot

A

Sequence of events that take place in a story.

61
Q

Theme

A

Underlying story/message (similar/closely related to main idea)

62
Q

Characters

A

Make up by:
Appearance - how they look
Personality - thinks or feels
Behavior - acts or reacts

63
Q

Point of View

A

Narrator of the story.

64
Q

3 types of POV

A

1) 1st person: events relayed from that person’s POV
2) 3rd person limited: Narrator, not main character, only knows thoughts and feelings of ONE character
3) 3rd person omniscient: Person telling story knows ALL feelings/thoughts of everyone in story.

65
Q

Setting

A

Time
Place
Scene

66
Q

Fable

A

Moral or lesson in short story, made up with animal or object as focus having human characteristic
(example: Little Engine That Could)

67
Q

Fairytales

A

Type of folklore with royalty, magic, enchantment or supernatural
(example: Little Red Riding Hood, Sleeping Beauty)

68
Q

Folklore

A

Fiction, stems from ORAL tradition. Beliefs or customs of a region/country. Lots of interpretations.
(example: Santa Claus)

69
Q

Myth

A

Within a culture and use mystical creatures to determine true events.
(example: Lockness monster, Greek gods)

70
Q

Legend

A

After a REAL LIFE hero and mightly deeds, usually of humans.
(example: Robin Hood, Paul Bunyan)

71
Q

Myth vs. Legend

A 
Myth = mystical creatures to demonstrate real events
Legend = Real-life hero
72
Q

Dialogue can convey…

A 
Age
Culture
Education
Gender
Personality
Historical Era
Beliefs...of a character.
73
Q

What does dialogue do?

A

Bring character to life/makes a story believable.

74
Q

Symbolism

A

Letting something represent another. Creates mood with help of imagery.
(example: Vulture can symbolize death, sun can symbolize health/vitality)

75
Q

Allegory

A

Story or poem that tells of an animal/object represents moral, political, or religious meanings
(example: Animal Farm, political book)

76
Q

Types of figurative language:

A

1) Alliteration
2) Hyperbole
3) Metaphor
4) Simile
5) Personification

77
Q

Alliteration

A

Repetition of first consonant sounds in 2+ words

example: Sweet smell of success.

78
Q

Hyperbole

A

Phrase of gradiose exaggeration usually with humor.

example: I’m so hungry I could eat a horse.

79
Q

Metaphor

A

Comparing 2 things with a tying object to link 2 things.

example: He is a shining star.

80
Q

Simile

A

Uses “like” or “as.”

example: Pretty as the morning sun.

81
Q

Personification

A

Gives objects or nature human qualities.

example: The sun smiles as we drove through the sleeping mountains.

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