compozitia chimica a moleculei vii Flashcards

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1
Q

din ce este celula, in principal, alcatuita?

A

apa, saruri minerale, subst. organice

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2
Q

3 idei despre apa

A

reprezinta 60%-90% din masa organismelor, este solventul subst. organice, are rol de transport, are rol in regrarea echilibrului termic al celulei

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3
Q

unde se regasesc, in mod special, sarurile minerale?

A

in tesutul osos al animalelor si in peretele celular al plantelor

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4
Q

care sunt subst. organice?

A

glucidele, lipidele, proteinele si acizii nucleici

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5
Q

3 idei despre glucide

A

se gasesc in cantitati mari la plante, constituie ptincipala sursa de energie a celulelor, reprezinta subst. de rezeerva ale tuturor celulelor

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6
Q

glucida care rezulta din fotosinteza

A

glucoza

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7
Q

glucida subst. de rez. la plante

A

amidonul

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8
Q

glucida subst. de rezerva la animale

A

glicogen

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9
Q

glucida din peretele celular al plantelor

A

celuloza

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10
Q

glucida din peretele celular al fungilor

A

chitina

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11
Q

3 idei despre lipide

A

-compuse din acizi grasi si glicerol
-sub forma de emulsii (2 lichide insolubile una in alta)
-depozitate in cantitati mari in celule e adipiase

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12
Q

lipidele sursa de energie pt. animale

A

trigliceridele

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13
Q

lipdele care intra in structura membranelor celulare

A

fosfolipidele

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14
Q

4 idei despre proteine

A

-formate din aminoacizi
-elementele cele mai importante ale materiei vii
-au rol de transport si rol energetic

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15
Q

proteina regasita in cloroplaste

A

clorofila

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16
Q

proteina din par si unghii

A

cheratina

17
Q

proteine din muschi

A

miozina si actina

18
Q

proteina din sange

A

hemoglobina

19
Q

proteina din oase

A

colagenul

20
Q

proteinele catalizatoare ale reactiilor din celule

A

enzimele

21
Q

2 idei despre acizii nucleici

A

macromolecule cu rol in sinteza proteica si in transmitera caracterelor ereditare

22
Q

ce este o nucleotida, din ce este formata?

A

este o unitate din structura ADN si este formata dintr o pentoza (glucida cu 5 atomi de C), un radical fosfat (reste de H2SO4), si o baza azotata

23
Q

cele doua tipuri de baze azotate, cine face parte din aceste categorii

A

baze purinice- adenina, guanina
baze pirimidinice- timina, citozina, uracil (specific ARN)

24
Q

bazele care se unesc prin doua legaturi

A

A si T

25
Q

bazele care se unesc prin 3 legaturi

A

G si C

26
Q

rol arn mesager

A

duce inf. la fabrica de proteine a celulei, ribozomii

27
Q

rol arn transport

A

transportul aminoacizilor spre proteinele unde vor fi asamblati

28
Q

despre arn ribozomal

A

intra in struct. ribozomilor