Compounds & Bonds Flashcards
Matter around us consists mainly of ________
mixtures
Mixtures often contain _________, which include 2+ atoms. Compounds can be in the _____, _______, or __________ form
compounds
solid, liquid, gas
Define: Compound
a distinct substance that is composed of the atoms of two or more elements and always contains exactly the same relative masses of those elements
Element or Compound: H2
Element
Element or Compound: NaCl
Compound
has two atoms
Element or Compound: He
Element
Know the periodic table trend for atomic size
Atomic size increases from right to left and up to down
Using the periodic table, which element has the larger atomic size:
Ba vs. Ge
Ba has the larger atomic size in comparision to Ge
Elements that are in the uncombined state are the elements in Group _______
VIIIA (8) - Noble Gases
Why are the noble gases also called inert gases/non-reactive?
They are called inert gasses/non-reactive because the noble gases have 8 valence electrons, which fulfills the Octet Rule and makes them very stable
T/F: All elements in Group VIII contain 8 valence electrons
False, He is the only element in group VIIIA that does NOT have 8 valence electrons. He only has two valence electrons
Know what a compound can be divided into, and what it can be further divided into
COMPOUND
- Ionic
-> Ions
-» Cation (+)
-» Anion (-) - Covalent
How many hydrogens are in H₂O?
2 Hydrogens
SO₃ has ______ oxygens atoms
3
A molecule has 4 phosphorus atoms and 10 oxygen atoms. Write out the correct chemical formula
P₄O₁₀
What is the chemical formula for methane hydrate? What did the professor tell us in class about this molecule?
CH₄6H₂O
Scientists remove the H2O to isolate the methane. Methane can be used as an E source so that we wouldnt need gas.
Define: Diatomic Molecule
A molecule with 2 atoms
List all the diatomic molecules
- N₂
- H₂
- O₂
Any Halogens - F₂
- Cl₂
- Br₂
- I₂
Know the types of matter
Matter
- Pure Substance
-> Elements (He, Zn)
-> Compounds (H₂O, NaCl) - Mixture
-> Homogenous (salt + water)
-> Heterogenous (oil + water)
Define: Monoatomic Ions
a single atom with a positive or negative charge
(Ex: Na⁺, Ca²⁺, Br⁻)
Cation or Anion: Ca²⁺
Cation
Cation or Anion: Br⁻
Anion
Why do atoms gain/lose electrons to become an ion?
They do this because they want to fulfill the octet rule to become stable
Know the charges trends for the groups
- Group 1: +1
- Group 2: +2
- Group 3: +3
- Group 4: +4
- Group 5: -3
- Group 6: -2
- Group 7: -1
- Group 8: 0
- Transition metals: cations vary from +1 -> +7
T/F: Ionic Compounds consists of cations and anions, where electrons are shared between atoms
False, although ionic compounds do consist of cations and anions, they DO NOT share electrons. In ionic compounds, electrons TRANSFER from one atom to another
Name 2 characteristics of ionic compounds
- strong attraction between ions
- high melting point (ex: NaCl = 800C mp)
Write the correct chemical formula for this binary compound: Lithium Oxide
Do Compound Practice Worksheet
Li₂O
How do you name compounds that contain 2 elements, like NaCl?
- KEEP metal
- CHANGE nonmetal
- drop -ine and add -ide
Sodium Chlorine -> Sodium Chloride
Write out in owrds the name of each of the following compounds: KCl
Potassium Chloride
