Compounds and Stoichiometry Flashcards
A _______ is a pure substance composed of two or more elements in a fixed proportion.
Compound
A _______ is a combination of two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds.
Molecule
This term represents the empirical formula of an ionic compound.
Formula unit
______ _______ is the sum of the atomic weights of all the atoms in a molecule, and its units are _____.
Molecular weight; amu (atomic mass units)
How would you determine the molecular weight of carbon dioxide? What units would you use?
You would add the atomic weights of the individual atoms together to determine the molecular weight, which is always reported in amu (atomic mass units).
Define a mole. What is another name for the actual number of particles defined by a mole, and what is the number itself?
A mole is the number of atoms found in 12 grams of carbon-12. Another name for the mole is Avogadro’s number: 6.022 X 10^23.
The mass of one mole of a compound is called its _____ mass and is usually reported in grams per mole.
Molar
The amount of a compound, measured in grams, that produces one equivalent of the particle of interest is called the ______ ______ weight and can be calculated from what equation?
Gram equivalent; molar mass/n
Normality is given in what units?
equivalents/liter
What is the equation for molarity in terms of normality?
Normality/n, where n is the number of protons, hydroxide ions, electrons, or ions produced or consumed by the solute.
The law of _____ _____ states that any pure sample of a given compound will contain the same elements in identical mass ratio.
Constant composition
The ______ formula gives the simplest whole-number ratio of the elements in a compound.
Empirical
The ______ formula gives the exact number of atoms of each element in the compound and is a multiple of the empirical formula.
Molecular
The _____ ______ of an element (by mass) is the percent of a specific compound that is made up of a particular element.
Percent composition
What is the formula for percent composition?
(Mass of element in formula/molar mass) x 100%
A metathesis reaction is another name for what type of chemical reaction?
A double-displacement reaction
A _____ reaction is a specific type of double-displacement reaction in which an acid reacts with a base to produce a salt (and, usually, water).
Neutralization
One mole of any ideal gas at STP is equal to what volume?
22.4 L
The reactant consumed first in a chemical reaction is known what?
The limiting reagent (or reactant)
Reactants that remain after all the limiting reagent has been used up are known as _____ _____.
Excess reagents
What equation is used to calculate percent yield?
(Actual yield / theoretical yield) x 100%
When an element forms two oxyanions, the name of the one with less oxygen ends in -___, and the one with more oxygen ends in -___.
-ite; -ate
Solutes that enable solutions to carry currents are called ______.
Electrolytes
