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Enviro Science > Composition of the atmosphere > Flashcards

Composition of the atmosphere Flashcards

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1
Q

what gases did volcanic activity release into the early atmosphere?

A

carbon dioxide, methane, water vapour, ammonia and hydrogen sulfide.

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2
Q

what gas was there little to none of in the early atmosphere?

A

oxygen

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3
Q

what did water vapour condense into where first life was evolved?

A

oceans

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4
Q

what did the creation of the ozone achieve?

A

it filtered out lethal UV radiation therefore allowing evolution of life on land

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5
Q

what percentage of oxygen is there in todays atmosphere?

A

21%

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6
Q

what percentage of carbon dioxide is there in todays atmosphere?

A

0.035%

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7
Q

what percentage of nitrogen is there in todays atmosphere?

A

78%

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8
Q

why has the amount of carbon dioxide drastically decreased since the early atmosphere? (74% to less than 1%)

A

it has dissolved in oceans to form carbonate rocks

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9
Q

why has the amount of nitrogen drastically increased since the early atmosphere? (3% to 78%)

A

the activity of bacteria

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10
Q

what food group is nitrogen found in?

A

proteins and amino acids

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11
Q

what is the process called where activity in soil bacteria increases the atmospheric concentration of nitrogen?

A

denitrification

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12
Q

what are the 5 factors life on earth is dependent on?

A
  1. mass
  2. axis
  3. 24h rotation
  4. magnetic field
  5. distance from sun
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13
Q

why is MASS dependent for life on earth?

A

it creates the perfect gravitational field to keep gases in the atmosphere

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14
Q

why is AXIS dependent for life on earth?

A

it causes seasonal change and temperature regulation

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15
Q

why is 24H ROTATION dependent for life on earth?

A

it creates temperature regulation through day and night which can change throughout the year

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16
Q

why is the MAGNETIC FIELD dependent for life on earth?

A

it deflects solar winds around the earth to prevent radiation from penetrating and damaging earth (magnetic field formed by the rotation of the liquid core)

17
Q

why is the DISTANCE FROM THE SUN dependent for life on earth?

A

we are the perfect distance from the sun at 150 million kilometres

18
Q

how many years ago was earth created?

A

4.5 billion years ago

19
Q

how many years ago did animals start to appear on earth?

A

900 million years ago

20
Q

in what order did animals evolve?

A
  1. fish
  2. amphibians
  3. reptiles
  4. mammals
  5. dinosaurs
  6. humans
21
Q

what gases were present in the atmosphere when earth was created?

A
  1. carbon dioxide
  2. methane
  3. nitrogen
  4. hydrogen
22
Q

what inert or noble gas (not reactive) makes up most of our atmosphere?

A

nitrogen

23
Q

what gases make up less than 1% of our atmosphere?

A

helium, hydrogen, methane, argon, water vapour

24
Q

what are solar winds?

A

a constant stream of microwaves and radio waves from the sun that passes around the earth due to the magnetic field

25
Q

what is the importance of the ozone?

A

it is a gas layer that absorbs biologically harmful UV radiation

26
Q

what process increases atmospheric humidity through plants?

A

transpiration

27
Q

what are biomimetics?

A

the study of animals to improve technology

28
Q

give three examples of biomimetics

A
  1. the lense of gecko eyes used to improve contact lenses and camera lenses
  2. mosquitoes used to improve surgical needles through small vibrations and three- pronged ends to make it less painful
  3. shark skin is used to develop bacteria- resistant bandages
29
Q

what are a lot of medicines created from?

A

tree bark

30
Q

willow tree bark is used to make…

A

Aspirin.

31
Q

what three factors in crops are commonly adapted to make them become more resistant?

A
  1. frost resistant
  2. disease resistant
  3. pest resistant
32
Q

what country genetically modifies most of its crops?

A

USA

33
Q

what is direct explotation?

A

the population of a species declining due to being exploited for a wide range of goods or because they are considered harmful

34
Q

what are some of the main reasons animals are directly exploited?

A

for food (main reason), fashion for fur coats, leather bags, fur seals and feathers

35
Q

what are the other 5 things that can be directly exploited?

A
  1. pets
  2. houseplants
  3. zoos
  4. aquaria (fish)
  5. marine life centers
36
Q

what other things are directly exploited for furniture and ornaments?

A

tropical rainforest trees -> wood
ivory -> white piano keys
turtle shell -> jewellery

37
Q

what were a variety of animals used for in the past to treat illnesses even with no evidence of it working?

A

traditional medicines

38
Q

what was a big problem in Victorian times?

A

Whaling - using whale blubber for oil lamps, fat and cosmetics

39
Q
A

Enviro Science (11 decks)

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