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Biology > Composition Of Cells > Flashcards

Composition Of Cells Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the nucleus?

A

The central core of an atom.

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2
Q

What are protons?

A

Positively charged particles.

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3
Q

What are neutrons?

A

No charge particles found in the nucleus.

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4
Q

What are electrons?

A

Minuscule mass but negatively charged particles found outside the atom.

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5
Q

What is a molecule?

A

2 or more atoms joined together.

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6
Q

What is a compound?

A

Molecules consisting of 2 or more types of atom.

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7
Q

What is an organic molecule?

A

Containing both carbon and hydrogen bonded together.

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8
Q

What is an inorganic molecule?

A

No carbon and hydrogen bonded with each other. No C-H bonds.

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9
Q

What are the states of matter?

A

Solid, Liquid and Gas.

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10
Q

What happens in a solid?

A

Atoms/molecules are held tightly together but vibrate.

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11
Q

What happens in a Liquid?

A

Molecules slide over each other randomly.

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12
Q

What happens in gases?

A

Molecules aren’t in contact and move very fast.

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13
Q

What is a solution?

A

A solution is when one substance dissolves in another.

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14
Q

What is a solute?

A

The substance that dissolves.

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15
Q

What is a solvent?

A

The substance that it dissolves in.

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16
Q

What is a solution?

A

The mixture.

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17
Q

What is the Law of Conservation of Matter?

A

In a chemical reaction, no matter is gained or lost.

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18
Q

What is Air?

A

80% nitrogen gas and 20% oxygen gas.

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19
Q

What is Aerobic Cellular Respiration? (Chemical formula)

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6H2O + 6CO2 + Energy

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20
Q

Photosynthesis? (Chemical formula)

A

6CO2 + 6H2O -(light energy, chlorophyll)-> C6H12O6 +6O2

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21
Q

What does a greenhouse gas do?

A

Traps heat energy and contributes to global warming.

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22
Q

What are macromolecules?

A

Large (macro) molecules that are all organic and energy rich.

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23
Q

What are the types of macromolecules?

A

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins and Nucleic Acids.

24
Q

What is a polymer?

A

A long chain molecule made of smaller sub-unit molecules (monomers).

25
Q

What are monosaccharides?

A

Soluble short term energy stores which are the building blocks (monomers) of all carbohydrates.

26
Q

What is Glucose?

A

A simple energy rich organic molecule, soluble sugar.

27
Q

What is a disaccharide?

A

Soluble short term energy store, 2 monosaccharides joined together. E.g. sucrose

28
Q

What is a polysaccharide?

A

An insoluble complex carbohydrate composed of long chains (polymers) of monosaccharide units joined together.

29
Q

What are glycolipids/proteins?

A

When polysaccharides bond to proteins or lipids.

30
Q

What is a triglyceride lipid?

A

Very high energy molecule, 1 glycerol molecule bonded to 3 fatty acid molecules.

31
Q

What are steroids?

A

Lipid based hormones, including oestrogen and testosterone.

32
Q

What is cholesterol?

A

A modified steroid which is an important component of cell membranes.

33
Q

What are phospholipids and what is the structure?

A

Structural components of cells = cholesterol. Missing one fatty acid chain but with a phosphate group attached, 2 hydrophilic head, 2 hydrophobic tails.

34
Q

What are amino acids?

A

The building blocks (monomers) of proteins, only vary in their R group.

35
Q

What are polypeptides?

A

Long chains (polymers) of amino acids.

36
Q

What are proteins?

A

Formed from polypeptides.

37
Q

What happens when something denatures?

A

Permanently no longer able to perform its intended function.

38
Q

What acts as a catalyst in cells?

A

Enzymes

39
Q

What are the messenger molecules?

A

Hormones

40
Q

What is the immune response?

A

Antibodies and antigens

41
Q

What are transport proteins?

A

Haemoglobin

42
Q

What is a nucleotide?

A

Basic building block of Nucleic acids; have a phosphate group, 5c sugar and nitrogenous base.

43
Q

What is a Nucleic acid?

A

Long chains (polymer) of nucleotides.

44
Q

What is DNA?

A

2 complimentary anti parallel chains joined by weak hydrogen bonds.

45
Q

What does DNA do?

A

Stores genetic info in the nucleus in the form of chromosomes; made of DNA nucleotides.

46
Q

What are RNA’s?

A

Required for instructions coded in DNA, carried out in protein synthesis.

47
Q

What are the DNA nucleotides?

A

Adenine and thymine.

Guanine and Cytosine.

48
Q

What are the RNA nucleotides?

A

Adenine and Uracil.

Guanine and Cytosine.

49
Q

Types of RNA?

A

Ribosomal, messenger and transfer RNA.

50
Q

What are vitamins?

A

Organic molecules required but unable to be synthesised by itself.

51
Q

What are minerals? (Inorganic)

A

Chemical elements other than Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen present in molecules.

52
Q

What are ions?

A

Charged particles.

53
Q

What are ionic compounds?

A

Formed when positive ions combine with negative ions to form an uncharged molecule.

54
Q

What is rate?

A

A speed. Has a quantity and a time.

55
Q

What is pH?

A

The relative number of H+ ions compared with number of OH- ions.

56
Q

What is Neutralisation?

A

When acids are combined with bases.

57
Q

What is an atom?

A

The building blocks of matter, has no electrical charge.

Biology (6 decks)

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