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A level DT > composite materials / modern materials > Flashcards

composite materials / modern materials Flashcards

1
Q

what are composite materials

A

a material made up of 2 or more materials to enhance the properties of the new material

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2
Q

list 6 composite materials

A

-reinforced concrete
-laminated wood
-carbon fibre
-reinforced concrete
-steel

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3
Q

what are smart materials

A

smart materials are materials that change their properties due to an external stimuli then changes to the original afterwards

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4
Q

list 6 smart materials

A

-shape memory alloys
-thermochromic pigment
-phosphorescent pigment
-photochromic pigment
-electroluminescent wire
-peizoelectric material

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5
Q

what are the main properties of tungsten carbide

A

extremely hard, rigid and impact resistant

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6
Q

what is tungsten carbide used for

A

-high speed cutting tools which get hot due to friction
-premium kitchen knifes
-surgical instruments
-jewellery

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7
Q

what are the properties of carbon fibre

A

-directional force
-lightweight to strength ratio
-high tensile strength

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8
Q

what is carbon fibre a combination of

A

carbon fibre and resin ( such as vinyl ester and epoxy

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9
Q

what are the resistant properties of carbon fibre

A

-corrosion
-chemical
-largely thermal

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10
Q

what are the main applications of carbon fibre

A

-premium cars
-wind turbines
-bike frames

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11
Q

is glass reinforced plastic (GRP) a thermoset or thermosetting plastic

A

thermosetting (polyester or epoxy are combined with glass fibres

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12
Q

what are the properties of GRP

A

-strong in tension with little compressive strength
-lightweight
-thermal insulation

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13
Q

what is GRP used to make

A

-boats
-car body panels
-sculptures

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14
Q

what is one advantage of GRP over carbon fibre

A

cheaper than carbon fibre

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15
Q

what is aluminium composite board

A

it is a composite sheet material combining a polymer core faced with a thin sheet of aluminium

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16
Q

what are some applications of ACB

A

signage and architectural cladding for wall panels

17
Q

what are some properties of of ACB

A

-easy to cut and form
-stable
-durable
-lightweight
-resistant to corrosion

18
Q

what are advantages of ACB compared to polymers

A

it doesn’t expand and contract due to weather nor will it warp

19
Q

what is fibre cement

A

cement mixed with cellulose fibres

20
Q

what is fibre cement used in

A

-cladding
-roofing
-building facades

21
Q

what are the properties of fibre cement

A

-durable
-lightweight
-resistant to weathering and chemicals

22
Q

list 4 mechanical properties

A

-tensile
-stiffness
-plasticity
-ductility

23
Q

list 4 physical properties

A

-mass
-hardness
-electrical and thermal conductivity

24
Q

what are the main uses of reinforced concrete

A

-bridges
-buildings in high risks of earth quakes
-sky scrapers
-high rises

25
Q

what are some stimuli’s for smart materials

A

temp
light
pressure
electrical current

26
Q

how do memory shape alloys work

A

either programmed to return to shape or an electrical current is ran through it

27
Q

how does phosphorescent pigments work

A

the materials absorb energy from natural or artificial light sources and re-emit the light in the dark

28
Q

how do photochromic pigments work

A

changes colour or opacity with the level or UV light in a reversible action

29
Q

how does electroluminescent wire work

A

the material is a copper wire coated in phosphor which glows when an alternating current is applied to it

30
Q

what are piezoelectric materials

A

materials that convert mechanical energy into electrical energy

31
Q

what types of materials do piezoelectric use

A

crystal, ceramic, bone ( quartz between 2 steel plates

32
Q

how do you program SMAs

A

with heat or a high electric current, activation to return to its original shape will be temperature

33
Q

what are SMAs used in

A

glasses, orthodontic braces or heat sensitive valves

34
Q

what stimulus do PE (piezoelectric) require

A

pressure or vibrations that are converted to an electrical charge which can be used or stored for later use

35
Q

what was the first PE material used for

A

ultrasonic detectors for for submarines

36
Q

what are modern materials

A

A modern material is a material that has been engineered to have improved properties, that have been discovered in the past 100 years

37
Q

what are the properties of fibre board

A

increased tensile strength, resistance to cracking and improved durability

A level DT (7 decks)

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