Components Of Translatiom Flashcards

1
Q

List components of translation

A
1 amino acids for the peptide 
2 amino-acyl tRNA
3 mRNA template 
4 protein factors 
5 A,P and E binding sites on ribosome 
6 functioning competent ribosomes 
-rRNA and ribosomal proteins
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2
Q

What happens if a aas is deleted

A

-translation stops at the codon for that aas

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3
Q

Number of tRNA in pro and eukaryotes

A

30

-50 in eukaryotes

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4
Q

Isoaccepting tRNA and where true

A
  • numerous tRNA binding to the same aas

- true where aas are coded by more than one codon

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5
Q

Amino acid attachment site where found and function and how it does its function

A
  • found on acceptor arm of tRNA at 3’ OH end of CCA

- binds to a cognate aas via an ester linkage between 3’-OH end and carboxyl of aas

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6
Q

Charged tRNA and activated aas description

A
  • has an aas bound to its acceptor arm ( no aas means uncharged )
  • attached to tRNA
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7
Q

Describe anticodon and its function

A
  • found on tRNA
  • 3 base sequence on tRNA that pairs with specific codon on mRNA
  • specifies insertion of aas carried by tRNA to growing peptide
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8
Q

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases

A
  • family of enzymes which attack aas to their tRNA’s

- each member recognizes a cognate aas and its tRNA

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9
Q

Describe addition of aas to tRNA

A
  • aminoacyl-synthetase ( E )cleaves ATP into AMP and PPi
  • E binds to AMP and aas
  • AMP cleaved from enzyme and energy used to form ester bond between aas and tRNA
  • enzyme released
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10
Q

What shows high fidelity of synthetase

A

-can recognize cognate aas and its tRNA

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11
Q

Proof/reading of sythetase

A

-can removed incorrectly attached aas to enzyme or tRNA

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12
Q

Why aren’t Svedberg not additive

A

-they represent both size and shape of particle

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13
Q

Function of subunits

A

-small : binds to mRNA , ensures accuracy of translation by ensuring correct tRNA anti codon and mRNA codon pairing

Large : catalyses formation of peptide bonds that link residues

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14
Q

Function of ribosomal proteins

A
  • structural integrity of ribosome

- interactions with other components of synthesis machinery

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15
Q

Describe A P And sites, function and where found

A
  • binding sites of tRNA on ribosome
  • they cover 3 neighboring codons
  • A binds to incoming aminoacyl-tRNA
  • P binds to peptidyl-tRNA : carries already added aas
  • E occupied by empty tRNA about to leave ribosome
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16
Q

Function of A site codon

A

-specifies which aas is to be added next

17
Q

Protein factors function and types

A
  • required for protein synthesis
  • perform catalytic function or stabilize synthesis machinery
  • initiation
  • elongation
  • termination
18
Q

What type of proteins are protein factors and significance

A
  • monomeric g-proteins

- active when bound to GTP and inactive to GDP

19
Q

Use of GTP and ATP in translation

A

-sources of energy

20
Q

How many energy bonds needed for 1 aas and where found

A

-4 bond are needed

1 : 2 from ATP aminoacyl-synthetase activity

  • 1 cleaved when adding AMP to enzyme
  • 1 when pyrophosphate is cleaved

2 : 2 from GTP

  • 1 when tRNA is bound to mRNA
  • 1 during translocation