Components Of The Cell (Organelles) Flashcards
What are organelles?
Organelles are specialized structures within a cell that perform specific functions to ensure the cell’s survival and functioning.
What is the function of the nucleus?
The nucleus serves as the control center of the cell, containing the cell’s genetic material (DNA) and regulating gene expression.
What is the function of the mitochondria?
Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell because they generate energy (ATP) through cellular respiration, converting nutrients into energy.
What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?
The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein synthesis and lipid metabolism. It also serves as a transportation system within the cell.
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
The Golgi apparatus processes, packages, and distributes proteins and lipids synthesized by the cell.
What is the function of the lysosomes?
Lysosomes are responsible for digestion and recycling of cellular waste and foreign material through the breakdown of macromolecules.
What is the function of the cytoskeleton?
The cytoskeleton provides structural support to the cell, maintains cell shape, and facilitates cell movement and transport of organelles.
List three types of organelles found in eukaryotic cells.
Nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, chloroplasts (in plant cells), and cytoskeleton.
What is the protoplasm of the cell ?
Protoplasm is the jelly-like substance that fills the cell, containing various organelles and dissolved nutrients, and where most cellular activities occur.
OR
It is a clear jelly-like substance that forms the living part of the cell which is the cytoplasm.
What separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm?
The nuclear membrane (or nuclear envelope) separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm. It consists of a double membrane with pores that control the movement of materials between the nucleus and cytoplasm.
What is the process whereby ATP is produced in the mitochondria?
The process is called oxidative phosphorylation. In oxidative phosphorylation, ATP is produced using energy derived from the electron transport chain and the transfer of electrons from NADH and FADH2 to oxygen, ultimately forming water. This process occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
