Components of Research reports and PICO Flashcards
Sections of a Scholarly article
- title
- abstract
- intro / lit review
- methods
- results
- discussion/conclusion
- references / footnotes
What do different sections tell us?
abstract - summarises the whole article
intro - define the problem, formulate the aim or question
methodology - develop a plan for the research ad implement the plan
results/findings - document the finding so data analysis
discussion/conclusion - interpret the findings, draw conclusions and make recommendations
What do different sections tell us?
intro - define the problem, formulate the aim or question
methodology - develop a plan for the research ad implement the plan
results/findings - document the finding so data analysis
discussion/conclusion - interpret the findings, draw conclusions and make recommendations
What is involved in quantitative design methodology?
- hypothesis
- control group
- survey
- random/convenience sample
- variables measured by instruments
- reliability / validity of instruments
- numbers / statistical analysis
- objectivity
- limitations (reliability, validity)
What is involved in qualitative design methodology?
- no numbers
- focus on subjective information
- no control of phenomenon
- focus on understanding complexity of people within context of their lives
- naturally occurring conditions
- limitations (trustworthiness, confirmability, transferability, credibility
What is involved in the discussion / conclusion?
- compare the results with those from previous studies
- consider the findings from different theoretical perspectives
- offer explanation for the results including rationale to support this explanation
- implications for practice
What is involved in the discussion / conclusion?
- compare the results with those from previous studies
- consider the findings from different theoretical perspectives
- offer explanation for the results including rationale to support this explanation
Types of PICOT questions
- Therapy = is this intervention more effective than another
- diagnostic test = how accurate is this diagnostic test?
- prognosis = what is the likely outcome, progression or survival time for this condition?
- harm/etiology = what is the cause of this condition or state of affairs?
- Prevention = how to reduce the risk of this disease
- cost-effectiveness = is intervention x more cost-effective than intervention y
- quality of life = what will be the quality of life for the patient following this intervention, with this condition, etc?
What type of studies are best for therapy questions?
- double-blind randomised Control Trial
- systematic review / meta analysis of RCT
What type of studies are best for diagnostic questions?
- controlled trial
- systematic review / meta analysis of controlled trial
What type of studies are best for prognosis questions?
- cohort studies
- case control
- case series
What type of studies are best for harm/etiology questions?
cohort studies
What type of studies are best for prevention questions?
- randomised control trial
- cohort studies
What type of studies are best for quality improvement questions?
- randomised control trials
