Components of Blood and Bone Marrow

Question 1

Hematopoiesis location:
embryo
fetus 2nd trimester
fetus 3rd trimester
adult

Answer 1

embryo: yolk
fetus 2nd trimester: liver/spleen
fetus 3rd trimester: medulla of all bones
adult: BM, sternum, pelvis, femur

Question 2

components of hemoglobin

Answer 2

Heme + globin

Heme = protoporphryin + iron

Question 3

During digestion, what does the body absorb and use for erythrocyte production?

Answer 3

amino acids, monosaccharides, lipids, vitamin b12, folic acid, iron

Question 4

What is an MCH?

Answer 4

measures amount of Hg in individual cells

Mean Cell Hg

Question 5

What is MCHC?

Answer 5

Mean Corpuscular Hg Concentration

• relative intracellular Hg concentration
• detects hereditary spherocytosis

Question 6

Neutrophil maturation

Answer 6

Myeloblast
Promyelocyte
Myelocyte
Metamyelocyte
Band
Neutrophil

Question 7

Erythrocyte Maturation

Answer 7

Proerythroblast
Basophillic Erythroblast
Polychromatophilic Erythroblast
Otochromatophilic Erythroblast
Nucleus Ejects
Reticulocyte
Erythrocyte

Question 8

Maturation time: reticulocyte to erythroblast

Answer 8

24-48 hours

Question 9

Dead RBCs

Answer 9

1. taken up by macrophage in spleen/liver/bone
2. Hg spilts into heme and globin
3. globin turns into AA, goes into blood, back to BM
4. heme breaks down into bilirubin and iron
5. iron goes back to BM
6. bilirubin is excreted in GI tract

Question 10

Indications for Bone Marrow biopsy

Answer 10

• unexplained low/high counts
• to dx heme malignancy
• staging lymphoma or solid tumors (IV)
• dx infectious disease
• dx granulomatous disease

Question 11

What is MCV?

Answer 11

Mean Cell Volume

• size distribution curve indicates RBC size
• diagnose micro/macrocytosis

Question 12

What is RDW?

Answer 12

Red Cell Distribution Width
-shows distribution of red cell volumes
shows anisocytosis
Large? mixed RBC population

Question 13

anisocytosis

Answer 13

variable RBC sizes

Question 14

High affinity Hg, decreased P50

Answer 14

low temp
low PCO2
low 2,3-DPG
high pH

Question 15

Low affinity Hg, increased P50

Answer 15

high temp
high PCO2
high 2,3-DPG
low pH

Question 16

Toxic granulation (WBC)

Answer 16

bacterial infection

Question 17

myeloid shift left (WBC)

Answer 17

stress/infection

Question 18

atypical lymphs hugging RBCs (WBC)

Answer 18

viral infection (EBV-mono)

Question 19

schistocytes (RBC)

Answer 19

fragmented
DIC
non-animal valves
TTP

Question 20

Echinocytes

Answer 20

burr cells
uremia
burns
post-dialysis
*reversible

Question 21

Hypersegmented neutrophil

Answer 21

> 6 lobes

vitamin b12/folate deficiency

Question 22

Howell Jolly Bodies

Answer 22

DNA/nucleus remnants

splenectomy

Question 23

When to order a smear

Answer 23

1. leukocytosis
2. pancytopenia or fever of unknown origin
3. Anemia