components of a cell and organelle

Question 1

_______, the fundamental units of life, are like tiny factories with specialized compartments called organelles. Each organelle has a specific function, working together to keep
the cell is alive and functioning.

Answer 1

Cells

Question 2

_____ are the specialized parts of a cell that have unique jobs to perform.

-It is a membrane-bound structure found within a cell.

Answer 2

Organelle

Question 3

______ separates the cytoplasm from the external environment and handles what goes in and out of a cell (gatekeepers)

Answer 3

Cell membrane or plasma membrane

Question 4

Plasma Membrane comprises of what?

Answer 4

• phospholipids
• cholesterol
• membrane proteins
• glycolipids
• glycoproteins

Question 5

the cell’s entire region between the plasma membrane and the nuclear envelope

Answer 5

Cytoplasm

Question 6

function of a cytoplasm

Answer 6

• jelly-like substance inside the cell where all the other parts of the cell float
• helps keep everything in place and allows the cell to function properly.

Question 7

the ______ is made up of a network of long, thin protein fibers.

Answer 7

Cytoskeleton

Question 8

function of a cytoskeleton

Answer 8

• It helps to maintain cell shape. It holds organelles in place, and for some cells, it enables cell movement.

Question 9

Other type of cells have an additional layer of protection – a rigid cell wall made of cellulose. It provides support, and structure, and helps regulate water movement in and out of the cell.

Answer 9

Cell Wall

Question 10

The ____________ is the brain of the cell. It houses the genetic material (DNA) that holds the instructions for building and running the cell.

Answer 10

Nucleus

Question 11

DNA

Answer 11

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 12

RNA

Answer 12

Ribonucleic acid

Question 13

Often called the “powerhouse of the cell,” and are responsible for cellular respiration.

Answer 13

Mitochondria

Question 14

What is cellular respiration

Answer 14

The process where they break down glucose to generate energy (ATP) that fuels all cellular processes.

Question 15

What is (ATP) energy molecule

Answer 15

Adenosine Triphosphate

Question 16

responsible for photosynthesis in a plant

Answer 16

Chloroplast

Question 17

the process that helps the plant make its food is called what

Answer 17

photosynthesis

Question 18

the green pigment found in the thylakoid

Answer 18

chlorophyll

Question 19

• It synthesizes and secretes proteins in the liver, hormones, and other substances in the glands.
• It participates in the production of phospholipids, the chief lipids in cell membranes, and are essential in the process of metabolism.

Answer 19

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 20

2 types of Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 20

SER - smooth endoplasmic reticulum
RER - rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 21

Small, disk-shaped structures inside the chloroplast.

Answer 21

Thylakoid

Question 22

The ________ is like a packaging and shipping center. It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other molecules for transport within or outside the cell.

Answer 22

Golgi Apparatus

Question 23

______ are the cell’s cleanup crew.
They contain digestive enzymes that break
down waste products, worn-out
organelles, and even bacteria that enter
the cell.

Answer 23

Lysosomes

Question 24

If organelles are destroyed cells will go through a process called

Answer 24

apoptosis

Question 25

Unlike the lysosome, which mostly degrades proteins, the ______ is the site of fatty acid breakdown.

Answer 25

Peroxisome