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Psychology (Attitude) > Components & Characteristics > Flashcards

Components & Characteristics Flashcards

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1
Q

What is attitude in psychology?

A

Attitude in psychology refers to a set of emotions, beliefs, and behaviors towards a particular object, person, thing, or event.

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2
Q

True or False: Attitudes are always stable and unchanging.

A

False. Attitudes can change over time due to various factors.

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3
Q

What are the three components of attitude?

A

The three components of attitude are affective (emotional), cognitive (belief-based), and behavioral (action-oriented).

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: Attitudes have a significant influence on an individual’s ____________.

A

behavior

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5
Q

What is the ABC model of attitude?

A

The ABC model of attitude suggests that attitudes are composed of affective, behavioral, and cognitive components.

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6
Q

What is cognitive dissonance?

A

Cognitive dissonance is the mental discomfort experienced by an individual who holds conflicting beliefs or attitudes.

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7
Q

True or False: Cognitive dissonance can lead to attitude change.

A

True

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8
Q

What is the self-perception theory?

A

The self-perception theory suggests that individuals form attitudes by observing their own behavior and drawing conclusions from it.

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9
Q

What is the foot-in-the-door technique?

A

The foot-in-the-door technique is a persuasion strategy where a small request is made first, followed by a larger request.

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10
Q

What is the mere-exposure effect?

A

The mere-exposure effect is a psychological phenomenon where people develop a preference for things simply because they are familiar with them.

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11
Q

What is social influence?

A

Social influence refers to the ways in which individuals change their attitudes and behaviors to meet the expectations of a group or society.

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12
Q

What is conformity?

A

Conformity is the tendency to adjust one’s attitudes or behaviors to align with those of a group.

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13
Q

What is obedience?

A

Obedience is the act of following orders or instructions from an authority figure.

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14
Q

What is social facilitation?

A

Social facilitation is the phenomenon where individuals perform better on tasks in the presence of others.

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15
Q

What is social loafing?

A

Social loafing is the tendency for individuals to exert less effort when working in a group compared to when working alone.

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16
Q

What is the bystander effect?

A

The bystander effect is the phenomenon where individuals are less likely to help in an emergency situation when there are other people present.

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17
Q

What is group polarization?

A

Group polarization is the tendency for group decisions to be more extreme than the initial attitudes of individual group members.

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18
Q

What is groupthink?

A

Groupthink is a phenomenon where group members prioritize harmony and conformity over critical evaluation of information or alternative viewpoints.

19
Q

What is social identity theory?

A

Social identity theory posits that individuals derive part of their self-concept from their membership in social groups.

20
Q

What is in-group bias?

A

In-group bias is the tendency to favor individuals within one’s own group over those from outside the group.

21
Q

What is out-group homogeneity?

A

Out-group homogeneity is the perception that individuals in an out-group are more similar to each other than they actually are.

22
Q

What is stereotype?

A

A stereotype is a widely held but oversimplified and generalized belief about a particular group of people.

23
Q

What is prejudice?

A

Prejudice is a negative attitude or emotion directed towards individuals or groups based on their perceived characteristics.

24
Q

What is discrimination?

A

Discrimination refers to actions or behaviors that result in the unequal treatment of individuals or groups based on their perceived characteristics.

25
Q

What is the contact hypothesis?

A

The contact hypothesis suggests that intergroup contact can reduce prejudice between groups, particularly when certain conditions are met.

26
Q

What is the jigsaw classroom technique?

A

The jigsaw classroom technique is an educational approach where students work together in small, diverse groups to complete a task or project.

27
Q

What is implicit bias?

A

Implicit bias refers to the attitudes or stereotypes that affect our understanding, actions, and decisions in an unconscious manner.

28
Q

What is the social cognitive theory of prejudice?

A

The social cognitive theory of prejudice posits that prejudice is learned through socialization processes and can be unlearned through education and exposure to diverse perspectives.

29
Q

What is the frustration-aggression hypothesis?

A

The frustration-aggression hypothesis suggests that frustration can lead to aggression, especially when the source of frustration is perceived to be outside of one’s control.

30
Q

What is the social learning theory?

A

The social learning theory proposes that individuals learn attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors through observation, imitation, and reinforcement from others.

31
Q

What is the role of media in shaping attitudes?

A

The media can influence attitudes by presenting information, images, and narratives that can shape viewers’ perceptions and beliefs.

32
Q

What is the role of culture in shaping attitudes?

A

Culture plays a significant role in shaping attitudes by providing norms, values, and beliefs that influence how individuals perceive and interact with the world.

33
Q

What is the role of socialization in shaping attitudes?

A

Socialization, the process by which individuals learn and internalize the norms and values of society, plays a crucial role in shaping attitudes and behaviors.

34
Q

What is the role of personal experience in shaping attitudes?

A

Personal experiences, including interactions with others, events, and situations, can shape an individual’s attitudes and beliefs.

35
Q

What is the role of education in shaping attitudes?

A

Education can play a role in shaping attitudes by providing knowledge, critical thinking skills, and exposure to diverse perspectives.

36
Q

What is the role of persuasion in shaping attitudes?

A

Persuasion involves attempts to change attitudes or behaviors through communication, reasoning, or manipulation of emotions.

37
Q

What is the elaboration likelihood model of persuasion?

A

The elaboration likelihood model of persuasion suggests that there are two routes to persuasion: the central route (logical arguments) and the peripheral route (emotional appeals).

38
Q

What is cognitive consistency?

A

Cognitive consistency refers to the tendency to seek harmony in one’s beliefs and attitudes, leading to discomfort when there are inconsistencies.

39
Q

What is the balance theory?

A

The balance theory posits that individuals prefer consistency in their relationships and will change their attitudes to maintain balance among their beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors.

40
Q

What is the social comparison theory?

A

The social comparison theory suggests that individuals evaluate their attitudes and abilities by comparing themselves to others.

41
Q

What is the self-perception theory?

A

The self-perception theory posits that individuals infer their attitudes and beliefs by observing their own behavior and the circumstances in which it occurs.

42
Q

What is the overjustification effect?

A

The overjustification effect occurs when individuals lose interest in an activity once external rewards are introduced, undermining their intrinsic motivation.

43
Q

What is the reactance theory?

A

The reactance theory suggests that individuals react against threats to their freedom by asserting their autonomy and engaging in the prohibited behavior.

Psychology (Attitude) (1 decks)

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