Components & Characteristics Flashcards
What is attitude in psychology?
Attitude in psychology refers to a set of emotions, beliefs, and behaviors towards a particular object, person, thing, or event.
True or False: Attitudes are always stable and unchanging.
False. Attitudes can change over time due to various factors.
What are the three components of attitude?
The three components of attitude are affective (emotional), cognitive (belief-based), and behavioral (action-oriented).
Fill in the blank: Attitudes have a significant influence on an individual’s ____________.
behavior
What is the ABC model of attitude?
The ABC model of attitude suggests that attitudes are composed of affective, behavioral, and cognitive components.
What is cognitive dissonance?
Cognitive dissonance is the mental discomfort experienced by an individual who holds conflicting beliefs or attitudes.
True or False: Cognitive dissonance can lead to attitude change.
True
What is the self-perception theory?
The self-perception theory suggests that individuals form attitudes by observing their own behavior and drawing conclusions from it.
What is the foot-in-the-door technique?
The foot-in-the-door technique is a persuasion strategy where a small request is made first, followed by a larger request.
What is the mere-exposure effect?
The mere-exposure effect is a psychological phenomenon where people develop a preference for things simply because they are familiar with them.
What is social influence?
Social influence refers to the ways in which individuals change their attitudes and behaviors to meet the expectations of a group or society.
What is conformity?
Conformity is the tendency to adjust one’s attitudes or behaviors to align with those of a group.
What is obedience?
Obedience is the act of following orders or instructions from an authority figure.
What is social facilitation?
Social facilitation is the phenomenon where individuals perform better on tasks in the presence of others.
What is social loafing?
Social loafing is the tendency for individuals to exert less effort when working in a group compared to when working alone.
What is the bystander effect?
The bystander effect is the phenomenon where individuals are less likely to help in an emergency situation when there are other people present.
What is group polarization?
Group polarization is the tendency for group decisions to be more extreme than the initial attitudes of individual group members.
What is groupthink?
Groupthink is a phenomenon where group members prioritize harmony and conformity over critical evaluation of information or alternative viewpoints.
What is social identity theory?
Social identity theory posits that individuals derive part of their self-concept from their membership in social groups.
What is in-group bias?
In-group bias is the tendency to favor individuals within one’s own group over those from outside the group.
What is out-group homogeneity?
Out-group homogeneity is the perception that individuals in an out-group are more similar to each other than they actually are.
What is stereotype?
A stereotype is a widely held but oversimplified and generalized belief about a particular group of people.
What is prejudice?
Prejudice is a negative attitude or emotion directed towards individuals or groups based on their perceived characteristics.
What is discrimination?
Discrimination refers to actions or behaviors that result in the unequal treatment of individuals or groups based on their perceived characteristics.
What is the contact hypothesis?
The contact hypothesis suggests that intergroup contact can reduce prejudice between groups, particularly when certain conditions are met.
What is the jigsaw classroom technique?
The jigsaw classroom technique is an educational approach where students work together in small, diverse groups to complete a task or project.
What is implicit bias?
Implicit bias refers to the attitudes or stereotypes that affect our understanding, actions, and decisions in an unconscious manner.
What is the social cognitive theory of prejudice?
The social cognitive theory of prejudice posits that prejudice is learned through socialization processes and can be unlearned through education and exposure to diverse perspectives.
What is the frustration-aggression hypothesis?
The frustration-aggression hypothesis suggests that frustration can lead to aggression, especially when the source of frustration is perceived to be outside of one’s control.
What is the social learning theory?
The social learning theory proposes that individuals learn attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors through observation, imitation, and reinforcement from others.
What is the role of media in shaping attitudes?
The media can influence attitudes by presenting information, images, and narratives that can shape viewers’ perceptions and beliefs.
What is the role of culture in shaping attitudes?
Culture plays a significant role in shaping attitudes by providing norms, values, and beliefs that influence how individuals perceive and interact with the world.
What is the role of socialization in shaping attitudes?
Socialization, the process by which individuals learn and internalize the norms and values of society, plays a crucial role in shaping attitudes and behaviors.
What is the role of personal experience in shaping attitudes?
Personal experiences, including interactions with others, events, and situations, can shape an individual’s attitudes and beliefs.
What is the role of education in shaping attitudes?
Education can play a role in shaping attitudes by providing knowledge, critical thinking skills, and exposure to diverse perspectives.
What is the role of persuasion in shaping attitudes?
Persuasion involves attempts to change attitudes or behaviors through communication, reasoning, or manipulation of emotions.
What is the elaboration likelihood model of persuasion?
The elaboration likelihood model of persuasion suggests that there are two routes to persuasion: the central route (logical arguments) and the peripheral route (emotional appeals).
What is cognitive consistency?
Cognitive consistency refers to the tendency to seek harmony in one’s beliefs and attitudes, leading to discomfort when there are inconsistencies.
What is the balance theory?
The balance theory posits that individuals prefer consistency in their relationships and will change their attitudes to maintain balance among their beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors.
What is the social comparison theory?
The social comparison theory suggests that individuals evaluate their attitudes and abilities by comparing themselves to others.
What is the self-perception theory?
The self-perception theory posits that individuals infer their attitudes and beliefs by observing their own behavior and the circumstances in which it occurs.
What is the overjustification effect?
The overjustification effect occurs when individuals lose interest in an activity once external rewards are introduced, undermining their intrinsic motivation.
What is the reactance theory?
The reactance theory suggests that individuals react against threats to their freedom by asserting their autonomy and engaging in the prohibited behavior.
