Components and Processes of the Cell Flashcards
Selectively Permeable
Plasma membrane- a phospholipid bilayer of hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules
Nucleolus
Small structure inside the nucleus, primary site for partial assembly of ribosomes
Cytology
The study of cells
Active Transport
When the cell uses energy to move substances across the plasma membrane, against the concentration gradient
Mitochondria
Organelle that is the powerhouse of the cell- breaks down glucose to produce ATP molecules, the energy source for all cellular work
Cytoskeleton
Organelle that is a series of protein filaments and tubules in cytoplasm that form internal scaffolding/shape/strength to cells
Multipotent
A type of stem cell that are unspecialized cells that have the ability to self-renew for long periods of time and differentiate into specialized cells
Effector Protein
A molecule within cells that acts to execute the effects of signaling pathways, often as a response to external or internal signals.
Filtration
Driven by differences in pressure. When fluids press against a barrier, they create hydrostatic pressure or fluid pressure, which pushes the fluid and smaller solutes through any opening fro an area of high pressure to lower pressure.
Nucleus
Smaller structure with its own membrane. Contains DNA, which stores genetic code, or blueprint, for each cell and for the body as a whole. Contains the nucleolus.
ATP
Composed of three main parts: adenine, a five-carbon sugar called ribose, and three phosphate groups. Primary energy currency of cells, used to power a wide range of cellular processes
Hydrophobic
One end of a phospholipid that is uncharged and is “water fearing”
protein synthesis
the process by which cells create proteins using the genetic information encoded in DNA
gene
segment of DNA that contains the instructions for building a specific protein or functional RNA molecule, which in turn influences the characteristics of an organism
cilia
tiny, hair-like appendages found on the surface of some eukaryotic cells
ectoderm
the outermost layer of the three primary germ layers that form during early embryonic development in animal
channel protein
a type of transmembrane protein that forms pores or tunnels in the cell membrane, allowing specific molecules or ions to pass through
osmosis
he movement of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration
Matrix
The material in which more specialized structures are embedded. Example= cytoplasmic matrix
Glycogen
Stored form of excess glucose. Stored in skeletal muscles and liver.
Anabolism
Body uses molecules as building blocks to repair and build new tissue OR to store nutrients for a later time
Pluripotent
A type of stem cell able to produce themselves or differentiate themselves into any type of body tissue Unable to divide to create a whole organism.
Stem Cells
Embryonic Cells that can reproduce and produce different types of cells
Cytokinesis
Separation of the cytoplasm during cell division; final stage of cell division
Receptor protein
Monitor the internal and external environment of the cell to keep it informed about what is happening in and around it
Mesoderm
Middle embryonic layer that differentiates into bone, blood, muscle tissue, and certain epithelial tissues in the urinary and endocrine systems
Plasma membrane
Selectively permeable boundary surrounding all cells; also known as the cell membrane
Cytosol
Fluid component of cytoplasm
