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Entry Level - Component 5 - Energy, forces and the structure of matter > Component 5 > Flashcards

Component 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What energy change occurs when an object is projected upwards?

A

Kinetic > gravitational potential

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2
Q

What energy change occurs when a moving object hits a obstacle?

A

Kinetic to sound and thermal

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3
Q

How can energy be stored?

A

Energy storage is limited
to kinetic, gravitational
potential, thermal, light,
sound and elastic (strain).

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4
Q

What energy change occurs when a vehicle slows down?

A

Kinetic to thermal

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5
Q

What energy change occurs when an electric kettle boils water?

A

Electrical to thermal, with sound and kinetic as waste

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6
Q

Can energy be destroyed or created?

A

No. Energy can be transferred usefully, stored
or dissipated, but cannot be created or
destroyed.

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7
Q

In which ways can unwanted energy transfers be reduced?

A

Unwanted energy transfers can be reduced
in a number of ways, eg through lubrication
and the use of thermal insulation.

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8
Q

What effects the rate of cooling of a building?

A

The thickness and thermal

conductivity of its walls.

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9
Q

What does a high thermal conductivity of a material mean?

A

The higher the thermal conductivity of
a material the higher the rate of energy
transfer by conduction across the material.

So more thermal energy is transferred

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10
Q

What are the two main resources?

A
  • Renewable

- Non-renewable

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11
Q

What are the main renewable sources of energy?

A

Bio-fuel, wind, hydroelectricity, geothermal,

the tides, the Sun, water waves.

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12
Q

What are the main non-renewable sources of energy?

A

Fossil fuels (coal, oil and gas), nuclear fuel

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13
Q

How is electricity generated in a power station?

A

An energy source is used to turn a turbine which turns a generator - meaning electrical energy is produced

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14
Q

What is a force?

A

A push or pull that acts on an object due to an interaction with another object

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15
Q

What is a contact force?

A

A push or pull where the objects are physically touching

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16
Q

What is a non-contact force

A

A push or pull where the objects are physically separated

17
Q

Name examples of contact forces

A

Examples of contact
forces include friction, air
resistance, tension and
normal contact force.

18
Q

Name examples of non-contact forces

A

Examples of non-contact
forces are gravitational
force, electrostatic force
and magnetic force.

19
Q

What is “work done”?

A

When a force causes an object to move
through a distance, work is done on the
object.

20
Q

What happens when work is done against a frictional force?

A

Work done against the frictional forces
acting on an object causes a rise in the
temperature of the object.

21
Q

What is meant by “speed”?

A

Speed is measured by the distance

travelled in a certain time

22
Q

How do you calculate speed?

A

Simple calculations of average speed
using the equation: speed = distance/time
will be required.

23
Q

Give some examples of units of speed

A

Units of speed include metres per second,

kilometres per hour and miles per hour.

24
Q

If a car moves 80 miles in 2 hours, what speed it is moving at? Please include a unit.

REMEMBER: Speed=distance/time

A

80/2=40 miles per hour

25
Q

How do you calculate stopping distance?

A

Stopping distance = braking distance + thinking distance

26
Q

What is thinking distance?

A

the distance the vehicle travels

during the driver’s reaction time

27
Q

What is braking distance?

A

The distance it travels under

the braking force

28
Q

What happens to stopping distance when the speed of a vehicle is larger?

A

For a given braking force the greater
the speed of the vehicle, the greater the
stopping distance.

29
Q

What effects human reaction time?

A
  • Tiredness
  • Distraction
  • Drugs
  • Alcohol
  • Practice
30
Q

What effects braking distance?

A

The braking distance of a vehicle can be
affected by adverse road and weather
conditions (Icy, wet), and poor condition of the vehicle (worn brakes/tyre treads).

31
Q

What is radioactive decay?

A
  • Random process
  • Unstable atomic nuclei
  • The nucleus gives out ionising radiation
32
Q

What are the 3 radioactive particles?

A
  • Alpha
  • Beta
  • Gamma
33
Q

What can stop alpha radiation?

A

Hand

34
Q

What can stop beta radiation?

A

Aluminium (~3mm)

35
Q

What can stop gamma radiation?

A

Lead

36
Q

Which radiation is easiest to stop?

A

Alpha

37
Q

What are the uses of radiation?

A

Sterilising medical equipment (Gamma)

Standardising thickness of aluminium foil (Beta)

Radiotherapy for cancer

Entry Level - Component 5 - Energy, forces and the structure of matter (1 decks)

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