Component 3 - Animal Transport Flashcards
What is an open circulatory system
Blood is pumped into a haemocoel where it bathes organs and returns slowly to the heart with little control over direction of flow. Blood is not contained in blood vessels
What is a closed Circulation System
Blood is pumped into a series of vessels; blood flow is rapid and direction is controlled.
Organs are not bathed by blood but by tissue fluid that leaks from capillaries
What is a single circulation system
Blood passes through the heart once in each circulation
What is a double circulatory system
Blood passes through the heart twice in each circulation – once in the pulmonary (lung)
circulation and then again through the systemic (body) circulation.
Describe the circulatory system of Earthworms
- Closed circulatory.
- 5 pseudohearts.
- Respiratory pigment haemoglobin carries respiratory gases in blood.
Describe the circulatory system of insects
- Open circulatory system
- dorsal tube-shaped heart.
- No respiratory pigment in blood as lack of respiratory gases in blood due to tracheal gas exchange system
Describe the circulatory system of Fish
- Closed, single circulatory system.
- Blood pumped to and oxygenated in the gills continues around body tissues.
- This means a lower pressure and slower flow around the body
Describe the circulatory system of Mammals
- Closed, double circulatory system.
- High blood pressure to body delivers oxygen quickly.
- Lower pressure to lungs prevents hydrostatic pressure forcing tissue fluid into and reducing efficiency of alveoli
What is the function of the Aorta
carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body
What is the function of the Pulmonary Artery
takes deoxygenated blood to lungs from right ventricle
What is the function of the Pulmonary (semilunar) Valve
there is a similar valve in the aorta. They prevent blood flowing back into the ventricles between heart beats
What is the function of the Pulmonary Veins
return oxygenated blood from lungs to the left atrium
What is the function of the Bicuspid (mitral) Valve
prevents backflow of blood into the left atrium when the ventricles contract
What is the function of the Left Ventricle
prevents backflow of blood into the left atrium when the ventricles contract
What is the function of the Septum
wall dividing oxygenated blood (left) and deoxygenated blood (right) side of the heart