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Computer Science GCSE Revision (Paper 2) > Component 2.3 - Programming Languages > Flashcards

Component 2.3 - Programming Languages Flashcards

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1
Q

What does HTML stand for?

A

Hyper Text Markup Language

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2
Q

Why are web standards such as HTML important for programmers?

A

Web standards simplify the development of web pages as web programmers will be able to understand another developer’s code.

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3
Q

Why are web standards such as HTML important for the end user?

A

Following standards ensures that different web browsers are able to display web pages in the way they were intended

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4
Q

Shat is HTML?

A

HTML is a standard used for creating web pages

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5
Q

What are the first and second tag in a pair of HTML tags called?

A

1st - opening tag

2nd - closing tag

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6
Q

What does the text between < html > and < / html > do?

A

This text describes the web page

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7
Q

What is < head > in HTML?

A

The element is a container for all head elements, including metadata, title for the document, scripts, styles

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8
Q

What would metadata be used in html for?

A

Metadata is used in html to describe the page, include key words, author of documents, time last altered etc

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9
Q

What does the text between < body > and < /body >tags do?

A

This text includes the contents of the web page

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10
Q

What does <p> do?</p>

A

The <p> tag defines a paragraph. Web browsers will add some space before the end for every </p><p> element automatically</p>

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11
Q

What tags are used to hyperlink an element within a web page?

A

<a> and </a>

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12
Q

What is the tag(s) for displaying an image in html?

A

<img></img>

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13
Q

What are the tags for headings, bold, italic, centre align, underline in html?

A 
Headings - <h1> to <h6>
Bold - <b>
Italic - <i>
Centre align - </i></b>
Underline - <u>

All end with </u></h6></h1>

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14
Q

What is the <ul> and </ul> tags used for in html?

A

The <ul> tag is used for an unordered list</ul>

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15
Q

How can a bullet point list of elements apples, oranges, pears be made in html?

A

By using the <ul> tag for an unordered list then the <li> tag for each line in the list.

<ul><li>Apples</li><li>Oranges</li>
...
</ul>

</li></ul>

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16
Q

What is <blockquote> tag used for in html?</blockquote>

A

The <blockquote> tag is used to specify a section that is quoted from another source. Web browsers will indent <blockquote> elemenets</blockquote></blockquote>

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17
Q

What is the <hr> tag used for in HTML and what does it stand for?

A

The <hr> (horizontal rule) tag is a single tag (no closing tag) used to separate content in a HTML page (bigger gap)

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18
Q

What is the difference between assembly code and machine code?

A

Assembley code has the same structure and functions as machine code but it uses mnemonics (names) rather than binary code (1s 0s)

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19
Q

Order Python, hardware, machine code, assembly code, high level languages?

A

Python, high level languages, assembly language, machine code, hardware

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20
Q

What is the advantage of assembly level programs?

A

They:

  • require less memory and execution time
  • Allow code to interact directly with hardware (e.g. drivers)
  • Are suitable for time-critical purposes
21
Q

What os unique about machine code and assembly language?

A

Each type of computer has it’s own machine code and assembly language, so a program written in machine/assembly code for one CPU won’t run on another type of CPU

22
Q

What is the assembly mnemonic for the Input instruction and what does it do?

A

INP - Inputs a value and stores in the accumulator

23
Q

What is the assembly mnemonic for the Output instruction and what does it do?

A

OUT - displays the contents of the accumulator

24
Q

What is the assembly mnemonic for the Store instruction and what does it do?

A

STA - transfers a number from the accumulator to RAM

25
Q

What is the assembly mnemonic for the Load instruction and what does it do?

A

LDA - Transfers a number from RAM to the accumulator

26
Q

What is the assembly mnemonic for the Add instruction and what does it do?

A

ADD - adds the contents of the accumulator to the contents of the RAM address

27
Q

What is the assembly mnemonic for the Subtract instruction and what does it do?

A

SuB - subtracts the contents of the accumulator from the contents of a RAM address

28
Q

What is the assembly mnemonic for the Branch instruction and what does it do?

A

BRA - jump to the specified ram location (for loops)

29
Q

What is the assembly mnemonic for the End/Stop/Halt instruction and what does it do?

A

HLT - stopps the processor

30
Q

What is the assembly mnemonic for the Data definition instruction and what does it do?

A

DAT - defines variables (e.g. first DAT, declare first as variable)

31
Q

What is an Object Oriented Programming language?

A

A programming language involving A collection of objects that communicate to each other

32
Q

What is an Object in an OOP (Object Oriented Programming language)?

A

An object has states and behaviours

33
Q

What is a Class used for in an OOP (Object Oriented Programming language)?

A

A class is used to describe one or more objects. It is a plan or template for creating objects within a program

34
Q

What is the rule for naming classes?

A

Class names must always begin with an uppercase

35
Q

What is a Method in an OOP (Object Oriented Programming language)?

A

A method is a behaviour, one class can obtain many methods

36
Q

What is the rule for naming methods?

A

Methods must start with a lower case letter

37
Q

What is an Instance Variable in an OOP (Object Oriented Programming language)?

A

Instance variables are variables bound to class instances (e.g. game of wombats eating leaves, each wombat has a leaves variable storing the number of leaves it ate independently)

38
Q

What components make up an OOP language?

A

Objects, classes, methods, instance variables

39
Q

What are the four main properties of OOP languages that reduce the amount of code you need to write?

A

Encapsulation, Abstraction, Inheritance, Polymorphism

40
Q

What is encapsulation?

A

Encapsulation is the process of wrapping data and the code that operates on it into a single entity

41
Q

Give an example of encapsulation in OOP languages?

A

The varaibles and methods are wrapped up in a class

42
Q

What is abstraction in OOP languages?

A

Abstraction is the process of hiding non-essential features and showing only essential features

43
Q

What is an example of abstraction in green foot?

A

A wombat’s states e.g. name, breed can be hidden but behaviours e.g. burrow are not

44
Q

What is Inheritance? (Part of an OOP language?

A

Inheritance is a feature of OOP languages that allows a new class to use the properties and methods of an existing class.

45
Q

What is the derived class and base class called? (Inheritance)

A 
Derived - the subclass
Base class - superclass
46
Q

A superclass can have ___ subclasses and a subclass can inherit from __ superclass

A

Many, one

47
Q

How does inheritance in OOP languages work?

A

The new derived class (e.g. wombat) inherits the states and behaviours of the existing base class (e.g. Actor)

48
Q

Subclasses can have their own methods and variables in addition to superclasses.

A

This is a statement not a question

49
Q

What is polymorphism?

A

Polymorphism is a concept that allows actions to act differently based on the object performing them

Computer Science GCSE Revision (Paper 2) (5 decks)

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