Component 2 Route B: Applied Catholic [theme three]

Question 1

What is meant by the term “death”?

Answer 1

The end of physical life.

When the physical body ceases completely to function.

Question 2

What is meant by the term “eternal life”?

Answer 2

The life in heaven after death.

Question 3

What are Catholics’ beliefs on death and dying well”?

Answer 3

> death is not the end of our existence
↳ should not be seen as the end of life but just a way
into a new form of life.
Jesus taught that those who believe in him would have eternal life where they will go on to live with God after death.
this belief gives purpose and meaning to their existence.
prepare themselves to die well
↳ seeking opportunities to spend time with family
and make their peace with them.
those in pain ‘preparing for death’ will seek palliative care to reduce that pain in the final stages of life.
liturgies and rites of the Church provide comfort for the dying and those who have loved ones.
prayer are said for those who have dies.

Question 4

What is meant by the term “euthanasia”?

Answer 4

A ‘good’ or ‘gentle’ death where a medical professional gives medication to end the life of a person with a serious illness who is suffering unbearable pain.

Question 5

What is meant by the term “assisted suicide”?

Answer 5

When an individual seeks help to end their own life in a pain-free way.

Question 6

What is meant by the term “palliative care”?

Answer 6

Care for those who are terminally ill and their families.

Question 7

What are the Catholics’ views on assisted suicide and euthanasia?

Answer 7

> reject euthanasia or assisted suicide.
all human life is sacred.
life is a gift from God and should be respected from conception to natural death.
goes against the sanctity of life and against the instructional the Ten Commandments - ‘Do not murder’.
promote work of hospices and other organisations that provide palliative care when treatment to cure a medical condition is no longer possible.

Question 8

What is meant by the term “sanctity of life”?

Answer 8

The principle that life is sacred and should not be ended.

Question 9

What is meant by the term “quality of life”?

Answer 9

The general well-being of a person.

Question 10

What is meant by “the right of life”?

Answer 10

> people who suffer from incurable diseases might choose to end their life before their illness reaches the final stages.
choose to control the disease or illness before it becomes too painful.
they wish to end their life before their quality of life is diminished.
a person who is fully conscious ad rational has the freedom to choose when to end their life.

Question 11

What are the Catholics’ belief in sanctity of life?

Answer 11

> all human life is sacred and holy.
life is a gift from God so it is precious and should be respected from conception to natural death.
euthanasia and assisted suicide go against sanctity of life.
against the Ten Commandments - ‘Do not murder’.
anyone who assists in euthanasia is seen as co-operating with murder.
people should be allowed to die with dignity using good palliative care.
acceptable to turn off life support machine if the medical evidence shows the patient is braindead.
acceptable for a person to refuse treatment if it’ll prolong their pain instead of help.
not acceptable to withdraw food and fluids to someone in a permanent vegetative sate.
↳ food and water is a basic requirement of human
dignity.
➝ prevents death by starvation or dehydration.

Question 12

What are the beliefs in quality of life?

Answer 12

> some argue it is more important that whether life is considered special or sacred.
if a person is free from pain and lives with dignity, they can be said to have a good quality of life.
if they are in constant pain, which is more than any pleasure they might have, they can be said to have a poor quality of life.
some may argue that if a person has a poor quality of life they have the right to die.
problems with measuring quality of life as it is subjective.

Question 13

What are the arguments for quality of life?

Answer 13

> basic human right to have control about ending your life.
advances in medicine have led to people been kept alive who would have previously died therefore these people should have the right to a painless death.
those who believe in free will think it is ethically wrong to keep someone alive who has no hope of recovery.
teaching of Jesus on loving your neighbour can justify assisted suicide as it might be the most loving thing to do.
we don’t let animals suffer so why humans.
have the right to refuse medical treatment so why not euthanasia.
people with terminal illnesses want to control when they die so that they can die with dignity.

Question 14

What are the arguments against quality of life?

Answer 14

> life is created by God and so only he can take it and it is up to him when humans die.
the impetus to research into terminal illness is reduced if euthanasia is legalised.
people may want to live but may go through as they feel like their a burden on society.
slippery slope
↳ short step from voluntary to compulsory
euthanasia.
may change their minds but then it might be too late.
all life is special and should be worthy of protection.

Question 15

What are Catholics’ belief in resurrection of the body?

Answer 15

> Paul teaches that Jesus rose from dead and that what happened to Jesus will also happen to his followers.
it is the belief that after death people will have a bodily existence.
Paul teaches that people will have a resurrection like Jesus and will have a spiritual resurrection body given to them by God.
↳ this will be a glorified body.
when Jesus rose, his body was familiar but at times his disciples didn’t recognise him.
1 Corinthians.

Question 16

What is meant by the term “soul”?

Answer 16

The eternal part of a human being given at conception which lives on after the death of the body.

Question 17

What is meant by the term “resurrection”?

Answer 17

The raising of the body to life again after death.

Christians believe that Jesus has already experienced resurrection and all people will experience it at the end of time.

Question 18

What is meant by the term “judgement”?

Answer 18

When each individual will be held account by God for the things they have done or failed to do during their life.

Question 19

What is meant by the term “heaven”?

Answer 19

The face-to-face encounter with God and the eternal existence in his presence in the next life.

Question 20

What is meant by the term “hell”?

Answer 20

Eternally living outside God’s presence and the total lack of God for all eternity.

Question 21

What is meant by the term “magisterium”?

Answer 21

The teaching authority of the Church exercised by the bishops in communion with the Pope.

Question 22

What is the Ordinary Magisterium?

Answer 22

> the everyday teachings of the Church.
bishops preach homies and write letters to their diocese encouraging Catholics in there faith and giving instruction.
the Pope may write a letter known as an encyclical.

Question 23

What are the two types of Extraordinary Magisterium?

Answer 23

> Pontifical Magisterium.

> Conciliar Magisterium.

Question 24

What is meant by the term “ecumenical council”?

Answer 24

A gathering of Church leaders to discuss matter of faith.

Question 25

What is meant by the term “homily”?

Answer 25

A short talk given by a priest explaining the readings of the day.

Question 26

What is meant by the term “ex cathedra”?

Answer 26

Comes from the latin phrase ‘from the chair’ referring to the Pope’s authority on matters of faith and morals.

Question 27

What is the Second Vatican Council (Vatican II)?

Answer 27

> an ecumenical council of the Catholic Church during which bishops from all over the world came together to discuss how Catholicism needed to meet the challenges of the modern world.
took place between 1962 and 1965.
started by Pope John XXIII who died in 1963 and was completed by Pope Paul V.

Question 28

What are the key documents of the Second Vatican Council?

Answer 28

> gaudium et spes.
sacrosantum concilium.
dei verbum.
lumen gentium.

Question 29

What is the gaudium et spes?

Answer 29

> a document about Catholic social teaching.
encouraged Catholics to respond to the issues of poverty and social justice, impact of science and technology.
encourages to engage with the modern world.

Question 30

What is the sacrosantum concilium?

Answer 30

> a document that covers changes to the Church’s official public worship.
before this council mass was said in Latin and everyone faced the altar.
↳ words were translated to the local language and
altar was moved so the priest faces the people ad their actions are more easily seen.

Question 31

What is the dei verbum?

Answer 31

> a document that sets out how important the Bible is.
encouraged Catholics to use the Bible as part of their prayers.
led to an increase in specialist biblical scholars and more Bible study groups in parishes.

Question 32

What is lumen gentium?

Answer 32

> means ‘the light of the peoples’.
a document that encouraged ordinary Catholics to take of a more active role to be part of the mission of the Church and to serve Jesus.
all Catholics should act on the promise they made at their baptism to be ‘lights to the world’ by being of service to others.

Question 33

In Vatican II, what change was made to mass being said in Latin?

Answer 33

Mass is now said in the vernacular (local language) so people can understand what is said.

Question 34

In Vatican II, what change was made to the priest and congregation facing the altar?

Answer 34

The altar turned around and the priest faces the people so everyone can see which increases sense if community and participation.

Question 35

In Vatican II, what change was made to the priest leading everything?

Answer 35

Lay people are encouraged to read and be Eucharistic minsters and more women get involved.

Question 36

In Vatican II, what change was made to the congregation only receiving communion in from of bread?

Answer 36

Communion under both bread and wine is encouraged.

Question 37

In Vatican II, what change was made to the Bible reading not being a big part in the lives of many Catholics?

Answer 37

More emphasis on the Liturgy of the Word and are encouraged to read scriptures.

Question 38

In Vatican II, what change was made to the encouragement that Catholics should see themselves as different from other Christians and not to mix with them?

Answer 38

Catholics are encouraged to work for Christian Unity and pray with other Christians.

Question 39

In Vatican II, what change was made to the closing off of other religions and caution of world views?

Answer 39

Open to dialogue with people of other faiths, especially Judaism. Encouraged to see Jews as brothers and sisters as Christians share with Jews a special relationship with God that is called the covenant.

Question 40

What is included in the Lord’s Prayer?

Answer 40

> adoration
↳ means worship where Catholics are encouraged to
begin their prayer by praising God for who he is and for all that he has done.
confession
↳ telling God about the things that you have done
wrong as they ask God to forgive them.
thanksgiving
↳ being thankful to God.
supplication, petition or intercession
↳ praying for their own needs and for the needs of
others.

Question 41

What is meant by the term “sin”?

Answer 41

Against the will or laws of God.

Question 42

What is meant by the term “absolutism”?

Answer 42

The belief that there is certain actions that are always right or always wrong.

Question 43

What is meant by the term “relativism”?

Answer 43

The belief that there is no moral law and that things should be judged based or the circumstance.

Question 44

What is meant by the term “punishment”?

Answer 44

The consequences of a wrong decision and a penalty imposed by a person in authority.

Question 45

What are the different aims of punishment?

Answer 45

> deterrence
↳ punishments to put other people off committing
crime.
rehabilitation
↳ helping criminals reform, through education,
counselling and training, so they don’t re-offend.
retribution
↳ making the criminal pay for what they have done.

Question 46

What is meant by the term “forgiveness”?

Answer 46

The act of pardoning someone’s actions.

Question 47

What does the altar represent in a church?

Answer 47

> table structure, usually made of stone.
the liturgy of the Eucharist takes place here.
reminds Christians of the sacrifice and death of Jesus on the cross.
Jesus offers salvation and redemption from sin.
also reminds that they are sharing a fellowship meal like when Jesus had a meal with his disciples at the Last Supper.
there are candles representing the Christians belief that Jesus is the light of the world.

Question 48

What does the lectern represent in a church?

Answer 48

> near the altar is a book stand.
priest or deacon or reader reads from.
are nourished and fed by listening to the work of God.
will read a lectionary which is a book containing a collection of scripture readings appointed to use on a given day.

Question 49

What does the baptismal font represent in a church?

Answer 49

> a big stone bowl filled with water where baptism takes place.
baptism is the first sacrament by which a person becomes a Christian.
used to be by the main door of the church to show that people entered the Church through baptism.
now at the front so everyone can see a baptism take place.