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Physicall Education > component 2 > Flashcards

component 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are some physical benefits of Sport ?

A

Stronger bones - reduced chance of developing osteoporosis
Reduced chance of coronary heart disease
Reduced chance of a stroke
Reduced chance of obesity

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2
Q

Negative effects of training on physical health

A

Overexertion leading to a heart attack of stroke
Overuse injuries
Less effective immune system

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3
Q

Some benefits of exercise to emotional health ?

A

Stress relief
Competition- feeling good if winning (endorphins)
Increase in self-confidence or self esteem

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4
Q

Some negative effects of training on emotional health

A

Training could lead to injury

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5
Q

Benefits of physical training on social health

A

• Meeting new people
• Improving co-operation skills
• Increased social activities

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6
Q

Negative Effects of training on social health

A

• Less time is spent with family and friends due to long training hours

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7
Q

Examples of health risk due to a sedentary lifestyle

A

Heart disease
Type 2 diabetes
Obesity
Oestroporosis
Loss of muscle tone
Poor fitness
Depression

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8
Q

Definition of Overweight?

A

The term overweight means that you weigh more than the expected weight for your height and sex

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9
Q

Definition of Overfat

A

The term over fat means you have more body fat than you should have

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10
Q

Definition of Obese ?

A

Obese is a term used to describe over-fat people , this is where the body fat has increased to a level that is seriously unhealthy

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11
Q

What is a balanced diet?

A

A balanced diet means eating a variety of foods from all the different groups of food in the correct proportions

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12
Q

Explain Macronutrients

A

Nutrients that we need to have in large quantities, we need them for energy , growth and repair .
For example , carbohydrate , fats and proteins

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13
Q

Micronutrients ?

A

nutrients that you need to have in small quantities e.g vitamin d , water and fibre

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14
Q

What is carbohydrate loading ?

A

This strategy increases the amount of carbohydrate stored as glycogen in the muscles to provide energy for performance

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15
Q

What are open skills ?

A

open skills are those that are affected by the environment

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16
Q

What are some examples of open skills

A

A pass in hockey
A rugby tackle

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17
Q

What are closed skills ?

A

Closed skills are skills that aren’t affected by the environment

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18
Q

An example of a closed skill

A

Penalty in football
A tennis’s serve
Gymnastics vault

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19
Q

What are factors of a basic skill ?

A

Require little thought
are simple
require little decision making

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20
Q

Examples of basic skills ?

A

running
cycling
swimming
chest pass

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21
Q

What is a complex skill ?

A

A skill that is:
difficult
require thought and concentration
require a lot of decision making

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22
Q

Examples of complex skill

A

A lay up in basketball
passing baton in a relay race
dribbling past defenders

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23
Q

What are factors of low organisation skill

A

• easy to do
• has clear separate phases
e.g tennis serve triple jump

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24
Q

What are factors of a high organisation skill

A

• hard to do
• phases not clearly broken
• e.g tumbling in gymnastics, golf swing

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25
Q

Factors of massed practice

A

• Little to no breaks in a session
• Same skill repeated

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26
Q

Factors of distributed practice

A

• breaks in a session
• several skills practiced

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27
Q

Name the 4 different types of guidance

A

visual
verbal
mechanical
manual

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28
Q

Explain Visual guidance

A

• Performer is shown the skill e.g video , good quality demonstration

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29
Q

Advantage and disadvantages for visual guildance

A

ADV - can copy movement, can be done in groups

DIS- if demonstration is poor movement will be copied

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30
Q

Explain Verbal guidance

A

• Performer told information about to complete correct technique

harder for beginners to understand

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31
Q

Explain manual guidance

A

• Coach physically supports performer to help them get into correct position

ADV
Performer get a feel for movement
builds confidence

DIS
performer can become dependent on the support
can only be used 1:1

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32
Q

Name the different types of feedback

A

intrinsic
extrinsic
concurrent
Terminal

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33
Q

Explain intrinsic feedback

A

• from withings performer
• performer can spot her own errors

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34
Q

Explain Extrinsic feedback

A

• from outside the performer (coach )
• important because somebody watching the skill can observe problems and say what the performer did wrong

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35
Q

Explain concurrent feedback

A

• During a performance

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36
Q

Explain terminal feedback

A

AFTER PERFORMANCE

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37
Q

Explain why beginners would not be able to rely on intrinsic feedback when performing a skill (3)

A

A beginner will not have a clear idea of the skill they are trying. to perform therefore will not be able to fell if they are doing the movement right or wrong , will need extrinsic feedback from the coach

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38
Q

Explain mental rehearsal

A

A performer pictures themselves performing the skill perfectly before they actually perform it

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39
Q

Why might less older people be interested in playing team sports

A

• stereotypical beliefs of older more into individual activities
• physical limitations
• fitness levels generally decline

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40
Q

People with disability normally have these factors…

A

• mental health impairments
• sensory impairments
• mobility impairments

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41
Q

define adapted sports

A

sports that have been changed so that people with a physical disability can perform alongside individuals who don’t have a physical disability

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42
Q

What are some benefits of adapted sports

A

• discrimination less
• less stereotyping
• fewer barriers in playing sport

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43
Q

How does commercialisation affect sports teams ?

A

• The media can buy and sell sports teams
• Teams can buy and sell players
• Sponsorships organisations can sell rights to sponsor world cup

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44
Q

What makes up the golden triangle

A

top sport
bottom right sponsorship
bottom left media

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45
Q

How has commercialisation affected sports

A

Makes sport more business focused

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46
Q

Define gamesmanship

A

Performer tries to bend rules without breaking them

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47
Q

Define deviance

A

PERFORMER CHEATING

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48
Q

what does lack of sleep result in

A

• high blood pressure
• increased risk of heart disease

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49
Q

What are some negative effects of training on physical health

A

• Overexertion leading to heart attack or stroke

• Overuse injuries

• Less effective immune system

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50
Q

What are the benefits of exercise to emotional health

A

• stress relief
• competition
• reduced boredom
• aesthetic appreciation

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51
Q

Using an example explain how self esteem can be increased through physical activity

A

If you play a sport you will enter competitions (1) and this will provide you with an emotional challenge (1) if you are successful this can make you feel better about yourself, increasing your self-esteem

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52
Q

What are some examples of social participation

A

• meeting new people and making new friends

• opportunities to get together with existing friends

• improved co-operation skills

• increased social activities

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53
Q

Why is co-operating important

A

Improved co-operation can lead to better understanding of your teammates and better teamwork skills. This may make your team more successful

54
Q

What is a negative effect of training on social health

A

less time spent with family

55
Q

What are some negative effects of poor dietary choices include:

A

• Anorexia

• Obesity

• lack of nutrients type diseases - scurvy - osteoporosis-rickets

56
Q

What are negative effects on health from drinking alcohol

A

• heart failure
• increased blood pressure
• increased weight
• liver disease/cancer

57
Q

What are negative effects on health from smoking

A

• strokes
• bronchitis
• heart disease
• blood clots
• lung cancer

58
Q

What are negative effects on performance from drinking alcohol

A

• Leads to slower reaction times
• makes the drinker less mobile due to excess weight
• cause loss of co-ordination
• cause loss of concentration

59
Q

What are negative effects on performance from smoking

A

• causes breathlessness
• reduced oxygen-carrying capacity

60
Q

Define sedentary lifestyle

A

A lifestyle where there is little to no physical activity

61
Q

Name some health risks due to a sedentary lifestyle

A

• Heart disease
• Type 2 diabetes
• Excessive weight gain (obesity)
• osteoporosis
• Poor posture
• depression

62
Q

Define overweight

A

Overweight means that you weigh more than the expected weight for your height and sex

63
Q

What factors affect you being overweight

A

muscle girth
bone density

64
Q

Define Overfat

A

Means you have more body fat than you should have

65
Q

Define obese

A

This is a term to describe overfat people
This is where the body fat increased to a level that is seriously unhealthy

66
Q

What can obesity lead to

A

• heart disease
• type 2 diabetes
• lack of flexibity

67
Q

What can overfat result in

A

• high blood pressure
• high cholesterol levels

68
Q

Explain a balanced diet

A

This means eating the right foods in the rights amounts. This will enable use to work and exercise properly

69
Q

Name the Macronutrients

A

• Carbohydrates
• Fats
• Proteins

70
Q

Name the Micronutrients

A

• Vitamins
• Minerals
• Fibre
• Water

71
Q

What is vitamin d and where is it found

A

Vitamin D is found in dairy foods and help the body absorb calcium

72
Q

Define Optimum weight and what it varies on

A

The ideal weight someone should be

• Bone structure
• muscle girth
• seX
• height

73
Q

Why is the timing of protein intake important for power athletes(hammer throwers, sprinters)

A

• maximise repair of muscle tissue broken down during explosive activity

74
Q

Explain carbohydrate loading

A

• Carbohydrate loading occurs 1-4dyasbefore the event
• reduce amount of exercise
• eat a high carbohydrate diet
• reduce fibre intake

therefore increase glycogen stores in the muscle
allowing optimum performance for longer

75
Q

What athletes often use carbohydrate loading

A

• cross country skiers • marathon runners
• triathletes

76
Q

What are the three continuums?

A

•‘open - closed
• basic - complex
• low organisation - high organisation

77
Q

Define open skills

A

Skills that are affected by the environment

78
Q

Examples of open skills

A

• a pass in hockey
• dribbling in football
• a rugby tackle

79
Q

Define closed skills

A

those not affected by the environment

80
Q

Example of closed skills

A

• a penalty kick in football
• a gymnastics vault
• a tennis serve

81
Q

Explain basic skills

A

• simple
• require little thought
• require little decision making

82
Q

Examples of basic skills

A

• running
• cycling
• swimming
• chest pass

83
Q

Explain complex skills

A

• difficult
• require thought and concentration
• require a lot of decision making

84
Q

Examples of complex skills

A

Rock climbing
Dribbling pass defenders
A lay up in basketball

85
Q

Explain Low organisation skills

A

• Easy to do
• Have clear separate phases (easier to break down)

86
Q

Example of skills that are low organisation

A

• Tennis serve
• triple jumpn

87
Q

Explain high organisation

A

• harder to do
• have phases that andre not clearly broken down

88
Q

Examples of high organisation

A

golf swing
tumbling in gymnastics

89
Q

Explain massed practice

A

Little or no breaks in a session
Same skill repeated over and over again

90
Q

Advantage of massed paractoce

A

Correct movement pattern is grooved

91
Q

Disadvantage of massed practice

A

• can be boring
• also tiring leading to errors

92
Q

When is massed practice used

A

• experienced
• older
• very fit

when the skill is
•simple
• low organisation
• closed

93
Q

Explain distributed practice

A

Where there are breaks in the session providing rest periods or changes of activity

94
Q

Advantage of distributed practice

A

• performer doesn’t get too tired
• prevents boredom

95
Q

Disadvantage of distributed practice

A

• may not gain the skill in the time allowed

96
Q

When is distributed practice used

A

• beginner
• young
• not very fit

when the skill is
• complex
• high organisation
• open

97
Q

Explain fixed practice

A

• when the whole movement of the skill is practiced

98
Q

When is fixed practiced used

A

• closed skills

99
Q

Explain variable practice

A

Same skill is repeated in different situations

100
Q

When would you use variable practices

A

• mainly open skills

101
Q

Explain visual guidance

A

•
performer is shown the skill
eg video
pictures
demonstrate

102
Q

Advantages of visual guidance

A

• Can copy movements
• can be done with groups

103
Q

Disadvantage of visual guidance

A

• If the demonstration is poor incorrect movement can be learned
• time consuming
• comped or quick movements are difficult to see clearly

104
Q

Explain verbal guidance

A

Performer told information about how to complete the correct technique

information must be clear

105
Q

Advantages of verbal guidance

A

• instructions can be given quickly
• can be used DURING performance
• no equipment required

106
Q

Disadvantages of verbal guidance

A

• some movements are difficult to explain

• relies on the coaches communication skills

107
Q

Explain manual guidance

A

Where the coach physically supports the performer to help them get in the right position

108
Q

Examples of manual guidance

A

• A trampoline coach supporting a front somersault

109
Q

Adv of manual guidance

A

The performer can get a feel
builds confidence
can help break down a movement in phases

110
Q

Dis of manual guidance

A

• performer can become dependent on support
• can only be used 1:1

111
Q

Explain mechanical guidance

A

Where the coach uses equipment to support the performer to help them with the technique

112
Q

Example of mechanical guidance

A

• Using a harness when leaning somersaults in trampolining

113
Q

Advantages of mechanical guidance

A

•’the performer can get a feel for the movement

• builds confidence

• reduced danger

114
Q

Disadvantages of mechanical guidance

A

performer can become dependent
cannot normally be used with a large group

115
Q

What are the reasons for different participation

A

• cost
• availability
• time

116
Q

How does gender affect participation rates

A

• image
• cost
• time

117
Q

How does age affect participation rates-

A

• acesss
• cost
• time

118
Q

Explain sportsmanship

A

players display good conduct and do not resort to trying to win by unfair means

• showing respect
• shaking hands
• being honest if the ball is out

119
Q

Explain gamesmanship

A

you should not see during a sport

• playing for time of winning
• entering a weaker team if the following match is important
• sledging in cricket

120
Q

What does
sportsmanship create 

A

• good role models
• positive image of the sport
• pride

121
Q

what does gamesmanship create? 

A

• bad role models
• negative image of the sport

122
Q

Explain deviance

A

Unacceptable behaviour and is against the rules of sport

123
Q

Examples of deviance

A

• cheating
• taking drugs
• violence
• racism
• sexism
• match fixing

124
Q

Why do some elite performers resort to deviance

A

• for prizes
• for fame
• for sponsorship
• for money
• promoted to higher team
• pressure from coach /peers

125
Q

What are the consequences of deviance

A

• fines
• red card
• banned from playing
• loss of sponsors
• loss of reputation
• prison

126
Q

What is being done to try and prevent deviance

A

• random drug testing
• fair play awards
• campaigns

127
Q

What are the injury preventions

A

checking facilities
appropriate equipment
adherence to rules

128
Q

Explain concussion

A

causes dizziness and confusion

129
Q

what is a gradual fracture

A

stress fracture

130
Q

What are the advantages of using distributed practice

A

feedback is available
time for mental rehearsal is available

131
Q

roles of goal setting

A

efficiency
adherence to training
motivation
baseline
progress tracking

Physicall Education (1 decks)

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