Component 1 (Human Lifespan Development)

Question 1

When is the Infancy life stage?

Answer 1

0-2 years

Question 2

When is the Early Childhood life stage?

Answer 2

3-8 years

Question 3

When is the Adolescence life stage?

Answer 3

9-18 years

Question 4

When is the Early Adulthood life stage?

Answer 4

19-45 years old

Question 5

When is the Middle Adulthood life stage?

Answer 5

46-65 years old

Question 6

When is the Later Adulthood life stage?

Answer 6

65+ years old

Question 7

Physical changes during infancy

Answer 7

• Gross motor skills develop (start to control larger muscles in their body)
• Fine motor skills develop (start to control smaller muscles in their body)
• Age of two: do things such as walk, hold a spoon and point

Question 8

Intellectual changes during infancy

Answer 8

• Newborn responds to the world through their senses
• Age of two: ability to think has developed hugely, can grasp basic concepts
• Most important: development of language

Question 9

Emotional changes in infancy

Answer 9

• Bonds with those who take care of them
• Needs to form a strong attachment with its main carer and receive love and affection in a positive way.
• Bond helps create a sense of security + influences the infants development

Question 10

Social changes in infancy

Answer 10

• Early relationships formed in infancy act as a model for future relationships
• Early infancy, infant plays alone (solitary play) and isnt able to think of others.
• By age of 2 the infant has learned a lot about how to interact with others
• Age of 2, infant can play alongside others (parallel play) and process of being able to share starts to develop
• At first main relationship = parents. Later extends to siblings, other family members etc

Question 11

Physical changes in Early Childhood

Answer 11

• Age of 5: Most children can walk up stairs unaided, can hold a pencil to draw or write
• Age of 8: learns to catch and throw, develop a good sense of balance and can use a bat and ball
• Growth spurt
• Can run, skip and balance
• Can catch and throw, has hand-eye coordination
• Fine motor skill development

Question 12

Intellectual changes in Early Childhood

Answer 12

• End of early childhood: Huge change in intellectual ability
• Able to think about things (even if its mainly only from their viewpoint, egocentrism) not just experiencing through senses
• Communication and language development improve greatly: use full sentences, can count, starts to sequence and order events
• Learn to read and write
• Begin to organise and classify objects and thoughts
• Begin to work out solutions to problems
• Learn by asking questions and by watching the behaviour of others

Question 13

Emotional changes in Early Childhood

Answer 13

• Experience a new range of feelings and will learn how to handle them
• Learn how to work with others, share and cooperate and listening to others
• Experience emotions such as love, hate, fear and jealousy
• Development of personality
• Beginning to emphasise
• Still very self centered, temper tantrum if they dont get their own way

Question 14

Social changes in Early Childhood

Answer 14

• Development of friendships
• Common to have gender based friendships
• Social play - cooperative play begins
• Listening to others

Question 15

Physical changes in Adolescence

Answer 15

• Growth spurts
• Capable of reproduction
• Secondary sexual characteristics
• Girls: menstrual cycle, growth of breasts, growth of body hair, rounded body shape
• Boys: penis growth, sperm reproduction, growth of body hair, lower voice, growth of muscle

Question 16

Intellectual changes in Adolescence

Answer 16

• Ability to think about concepts and ideas (Abstract thinking)
• Think in a more logical way to solve problems
• Ability to emphasise, see from different peoples perspectives
• Ability to remember large amounts of information
• Begins to question the world and develop own views

Question 17

Emotional changes in Adolescence

Answer 17

• Mood swings
• Conflicts with parents and other adults
• Desire for independence
• Positive and negative emotions
• Self concept becomes more formed (self image + self esteem)
• Own identity formed

Question 18

Social Changes in adolescence

Answer 18

• Importance of peer group relationships
• Development of sexual and intimate relationships
• Friendships with both sexes
• Wider social circle
• Influence of peer group pressure

Question 19

Influences on self concept

Answer 19

• Media
• Peer group
• Partner
• Family
• School enviroment

Question 20

Physical changes in Early Adulthood

Answer 20

• Reaches maturity
• In the prime of life
• Fit and healthy
• Towards the end of this life stage, physical abilities begin to decline. Fertility starts to drop for men and woman, signs of aging appears.

Question 21

Intellectual changes in Early Adulthood

Answer 21

• Qualifications for career achieved
• Continued professional development
• Still learning new things, development of wisdom
• Some people reach their productive peak at work, they often get promoted to jobs where specialist training or education is needed
• Some choose to follow a further education course to develop skills needed for careers

Question 22

Emotional changes in Early adulthood

Answer 22

• Close intimate and sexual relationships established for many + moving in or marriage
• Steady relationships create a sense of security
• Identity clearer and more established
• Parenthood and bonding with children for many, sense of purpose and added meaning to life
• Security for many

Question 23

Social changes during Early Adulthood

Answer 23

• Established relafionships
• Closer circle of feiends than in adolescence
• Less hectic social life with parenthood responsibilities
• Social life and friendships often focused on working life and collegues

Question 24

Physical Changes in Middle Adulthood

Answer 24

• Aging process begins to take an effect on the human body
• Physical capabilities begin to decline; skin losing elasticity, wrinkles appear more obvious, muscle tone slackens, senses become less precise
• Hormonal changes in woman; produce less oestrogen, menopause
• Hormonal changes in men; sperm production decrease
• Weight increase

Question 25

Intellectual changes in Middle Adulthood

Answer 25

• Memory still generally good
• Due to the ageing process, a persons memory may not be quite as quick as it used to be
• Short term memory not so quick
• New learning will occur
• Decisions in life often based on wisdom

Question 26

Emotional changes in Middle Adulthood

Answer 26

• Mid life crisis for many
• Development of uncertainty
• Security in identity for many
• Love of grandchildren and pleasure from spending time with them
• Independence as many of their children become mature and leave home
• Loss of own parents and some friends
• Realisation that theyre no longer young
• Growing awareness of own mortality

Question 27

Social changes in Middle adulthood

Answer 27

• Social life less intense for many, wider social life if early retirement is achieved
• Less physical activity
• Try new activities and meet new people
• Less responsibility and more money to spend on themselves as children leave home
• Some parents have to support children financially for university