Complications: Superior Vena Cava Obstruction Flashcards
What is the most common cancer to cause SVCO?
Lung cancer causing extrinsic compression
What are the symptoms of SVCO?
Breathless Sensation of choking Fullness in head especially on bending Headaches Lethargy Dizziness Dysphagia Palpatations- heart beating faster to compensate
What are the treatment options for SVCO?
Steroids
Stent for rapid symptom relief
Chemotherapy - SCLC, lymphoma, teratoma
Radiotherapy - other malignant causes
Where does the SVC carry blood from?
Upper part of the body
Are the walls of the SVC thick or thin?
Thin, so easily compressed
Other than the lung mass itself, what else could compress the SVC?
Nearby lymph nodes that have swollen - due to spread from lung cancer or breast, bowel, oesophageal cancer or lymphomas
Blood clot forming in the vein - can happen due to presence of central line (inserted for treatments such as chemotherapy)
How quickly do symptoms usually develop?
Over a few weeks or even days
What signs are associated with SVCO?
Swelling of face and neck Dark red look to complexion Trunk and arm swelling Visible dilated blue veins on chest Cyanosis Engorged conjunctiva Convulsions and coma
How can symptoms be managed?
Oxygen Steroids Rest with head of bed raised Diuretics Sedatives to help relaxation
In severe cases, what kind of oedema can occur?
Cerebral oedema
Mediastinal lymph node enlargement is associated with which malignancy in particular?
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
