complications of vascular disease Flashcards
what are some complications of atheroma?
- stenosis
- aneurysm
- dissection
- thrombosis & embolism
what are common areas for atherosclerosis?
- gut
- heart
- peripheral legs
- carotid to brain
what is arterial stenosis?
- narrowing of arterial lumen
- reduced elasticity
- reduced flow in systole
- tissue ischaemia
what are clinical effects of cardiac ischaemia?
- reduced exercise tolerance
- angina
- unstable angina
- myocardial infarction
- cardiac failure
what is cardiac fibrosis?
excessive accumulation of fibrous connective tissue (collagen) in the heart
- loss of cardiac myocytes
- replacement by fibrous tissue
this leads to loss of contractility, reduced elasticity & filling
where does arterial stenosis affect?
they can affect any artery but commonly:
- CORONARY ARTERIES
- CAROTID ARTERIES (TIA, STROKE & VASCULAR DEMENTIA)
- RENAL ARTERIES (HYPERTENSION AND RENAL FAILURE)
- PERIPHERAL ARTERIES
- CLAUDICATION AND FOOT/LEG ISCHAEMIA
what are clinical effects of thrombosis?
- myocardial infarction
- cerebral infarction
- renal infarction
- intestinal infarction
what are complications of atheroma?
- stenosis
- aneurysm
- dissection (split in aorta)
- thrombosis & embolism
what is aneurysm?
abnormal or persistent dilatation of an artery due to a weakness in it’s wall
what are types of aneurysm?
mycotic, atherosclerotic, dissecting, congenital (present from birth), arteriovenous, traumatic, syphillitic
what is common site of aneurysm?
abdominal aorta
what are complications of aneurysm?
- rupture (6cm)
- thrombosis
- embolism
- pressure erosion of adjacent structures
- infection
what is arterial dissection?
- splitting within media by flowing blood
- false lumen filled with blood within media
- middle age +/- atheroma
- sudden collapse & high mortality
what is coarctation?
- Narrowed segment (can be in aorta)
- Congenital disorder
- other cardiac anomalies and associated with Turner’s syndrome
- Can predispose to aneurysm formation
what is marfan syndrome?
- Genetic disorder – fibrillin gene on Ch15
- Autosomal Dominant inheritance
(the one that means person very tall)
