Complextion Flashcards
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55 Significance of Protein binding.
5.4.4: Some examples of
drug-prniein
binding.
binding.
5.4.3 Relationship
between protein concentration and Drug concentration in drug-protein
5.4.2
Factors
affecting Protein binding.
5.4.1 Biological relevance of drug binding.
5.4 Protein Binding:
5.3.4 Solubility
method
5.3.3 Distribution Method:
5.3.2 pH Titration method:
5.3.1 Method of continuous variation
5.3 Methods of
Analysis:
5.2.3 Inclusion/occlusion compounds:
5.2-2 Organic molecular complexes:
5.2.1 Metal
ion complexes
5.2 Classification of complexes:
5.1.2 Polydentate Ligands
5.1.1 Monodentate Ligands:
5.1 Ligands
5.0 Introduction
STRUCTURE
(5) Protein binding
complexation and drug action
(4) Methods of analysis of complexes
(3) Applications of complexes
(2) Different classes of complexes
(1) Important points related to coordination complexes
Objectives : On completion of this chapter you will come to know about the following aspects:
5
PROTEIN BINDING
COMPLEXATION AND
CTION
variety of media which provide
exvgen
hydrogen and
Airement and
What is a water molecule in relation to ligands?
A water molecule is a common ligand that has two lone pairs of electrons available for donation.
What is a ligand?
A ligand is an ion or molecule that binds to a metal atom to form a complex.
What are coordination compounds?
Coordination compounds contain coordination complexes, which are distinct chemical species.
What is a complex ion?
If the coordination complex carries a net charge, it is called a complex ion.
What is a coordinate covalent bond?
A coordinate covalent bond is a covalent bond in which one atom (the donor) supplies both electrons.
What is the role of ligands in coordination complexes?
Ligands are Lewis bases that contain at least one pair of electrons to donate to the metal atom/ion.
What are metal atoms/ions in terms of Lewis acids?
Metal atoms/ions are Lewis acids; they can accept a pair of electrons.
What are complexes also called?
Complexes are also called coordination compounds.
What is the bonding mechanism in coordination complexes?
Coordination complexes result from donor-acceptor interactions, typically through coordinate covalent bonds.
Define pH and pOH
pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution, while pOH measures the concentration of hydroxide ions in a solution.
What is Sorensen’s scale of pH?
Sorensen’s scale is a logarithmic scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.
What is the pH of a solution whose [H+] = 1x10^-7 M?
pH = 7
What is the pH of the solution whose [H+] = 2.5x10^-5 M?
pH = 5.6
Calculate the pH of a solution that has a [OH-] = 1x10^-7 M
pH = 7
Why is pH considered one of the important physico-chemical parameters in pharmacy?
pH affects drug solubility, stability, and absorption.
Give the pH range of different body fluids.
pH ranges include:
* Blood: 7.35 - 7.45
* Gastric juice: 1.5 - 3.5
* Saliva: 6.2 - 7.6
* Urine: 4.5 - 8.0
What is the pKa of acetic acid if Ka for acetic acid is 1.78 x 10^-5?
pKa = 4.75
What is the significance of pH in pharmacy?
pH influences drug formulation, stability, and biological activity.
What are the methods of pH determination?
Methods include:
* Electrometric method
* Calorimetric method
What is a buffer?
A buffer is a solution that resists changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added.
What is an acidic buffer? Give its examples.
An acidic buffer is a buffer solution that maintains a pH less than 7. Examples include acetic acid and sodium acetate.
What is a basic buffer? Give its examples.
A basic buffer is a buffer solution that maintains a pH greater than 7. Examples include ammonia and ammonium chloride.
What is the pOH of a solution that has a hydroxide ion concentration of 4.82 x 10^-6 M?
pOH = 5.32
What do you understand by buffer capacity?
Buffer capacity is the ability of a buffer solution to resist changes in pH upon the addition of acids or bases.
What are buffered isotonic solutions?
Buffered isotonic solutions are solutions that maintain osmotic pressure and pH suitable for biological applications.
What is the Hemolytic method for the measurement of tonicity?
The Hemolytic method measures tonicity by observing the lysis of red blood cells in a solution.
What is the Cryoscopic method for the measurement of tonicity?
The Cryoscopic method measures tonicity based on the freezing point depression of a solution.
What is the sodium chloride equivalent method for adjusting isotonicity?
The sodium chloride equivalent method calculates the amount of sodium chloride required to achieve isotonicity with body fluids.
What is the E-value of a drug in terms of adjustment of tonicity?
The E-value is the amount of sodium chloride equivalent to one gram of the drug.
Prepare an isotonic solution containing Atropine sulfate.
Required sodium chloride = 0.705g
What is the White-Vincent method of making isotonic solutions?
The White-Vincent method involves calculating the amounts of solutes to achieve isotonicity, using the E-values of the components.
What is Spurl’s method of adjusting tonicity?
Spurl’s method adjusts tonicity using specific calculations based on the properties of the solute.
