Complexes and Mitochondrial genome

Question 1

Complex 1 genes

These s……….. genes encode subunits of a pr……… co……… in the mitochondrial membrane. The complex, …….. dehydrogenase, is an electron transported that is involved in the ………… and ………. of energy. Although the genes to make the complex lie with the mtDNA, the process producing the energy requires molecules that are pr……….. outside the mitochondria

Answer 1

Complex 1 genes

These seven genes encode subunits of a protein complex in the mitochondrial membrane. The complex, NADH dehydrogenase, is an electron transported that is involved in the production and storage of energy. Although the genes to make the complex lie with the mtDNA, the process producing the energy requires molecules that are produced outside the mitochondria

Question 2

Control region

The control region contains the ………… to control …….. and ………. synthesis in the mitochondria. It is also our fastest evolving DNA sequence. This region of noncoding DNA. also known as the …………… region, accumulates mutations at approximately ……. times the rate of nuclear DNA. Confusingly. this region can also be called the ………. relating to a structure formed when the mtDNA …………….

Answer 2

Control region

The control region contains the signals to control RNA and DNA synthesis in the mitochondria. It is also our fastest evolving DNA sequence. This region of noncoding DNA. also known as the hypervariable region, accumulates mutations at approximately 10 times the rate of nuclear DNA. Confusingly. this region can also be called the D-LOOPO. relating to a structure formed when the mtDNA replicates

Question 3

Complex III gene
This complex is part of the electron transport chain of mitochondria, involved in g…………. and st………. of energy. This mitochondrial gene encodes the cyto……….. b protein, which is part of a complex in the inner membrane of a mitochondrion, known as ubiquinol or cytochrome C oxidoreductase

Answer 3

Complex III gene
This complex is part of the electron transport chain of mitochondria, involved in generation and storage of energy. This mitochondrial gene encodes the cytochrome b protein, which is part of a complex in the inner membrane of a mitochondrion, known as ubiquinol or cytochrome C oxidoreductase

Question 4

Complex IV genes

These three genes encode protein subunits that are part of a complex knows as cyt………… C oxidase. This complex acts as an electron transporter during the process of producing and storing energy in the mitochondria

Answer 4

Complex IV genes

These three genes encode protein subunits that are part of a complex knows as cytochrome C oxidase. This complex acts as an electron transporter during the process of producing and storing energy in the mitochondria

Question 5

Complex V genes

These two genes encode proteins contained within a complex knows as ………… This protein complex, located in the …….. membrane of mitochondrion, acts an e……….. transporter in the pathway that produces and stores energy.

Answer 5

Complex V genes

These two genes encode proteins contained within a complex knows as ATP synthase. This protein complex, located in the inner membrane of mitochondrion, acts an electron transporter in the pathway that produces and stores energy.

Question 6

Ribosomal RNA genes

These genes, knows as 1s and 12s rRNA, encode ………….. RNAs used to build ribosomes. During protein synthesis, ……………. assemble to translate the messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence into as assembled protein. The RNAs produced by these genes build the “molecular machinery” to ……………… ………….. encoded by other mtDNA genes

Answer 6

Ribosomal RNA genes

These genes, knows as 1s and 12s rRNA, encode ribosomal RNAs used to build ribosomes. During protein synthesis, ribosomes assemble to translate the messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence into as assembled protein. The RNAs produced by these genes build the “molecular machinery” to synthesize proteins encoded by other mtDNA genes

Question 7

Transfer RNA genes

These 22 genes encode transfer RNA molecules. Each transfer RNA is ass………. with a specific amino acid (protein building block). Transfer RNAs play a vital role in protein sy…………, delivering their associated amino acids to the ribosome for incorporation into new protein

Answer 7

Transfer RNA genes

These 22 genes encode transfer RNA molecules. Each transfer RNA is associated with a specific amino acid (protein building block). Transfer RNAs play a vital role in protein synthesis, delivering their associated amino acids to the ribosome for incorporation into new protein