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Biochem > Complex lipids > Flashcards

Complex lipids Flashcards

1
Q

Derived from phosphatidic acid, Hydrophobic FA tail + Glycerol backbone via ester bond + Phosphate + some kind of polar head group like choline, serine, ethanolamine, inositol.

A

Glycerophospholipid

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2
Q

Precursors of glycerophospholipids

A

Phosphatidic acid and 1,2 diacylglyerol (DAG)

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3
Q

glycerol –> glycerol-3-P

–> Phosphatidic acid

A

In liver

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4
Q

DHAP –> glycerol 3-P –> Phosphatidic acid

A

In adipose

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5
Q

2 long chain FAs are transferred from fatty acyl-COA to…

A

Lysophosphatic acid (liver)

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6
Q

Unsaturated fatty acids added become

A

Phosphatidic acid (liver)

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7
Q

Makes blood cells

A

Hematopoeisis

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8
Q

What is PA–> DAG (–> triglycerides) done by?

A

Phosphatase

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9
Q

What is choline head group converted to?

A

Phosphocholine

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10
Q

What is CDP-choline activated by?

A

Pyrophosphorylase

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11
Q

The pyrophosphate bond is cleaved and phosphocholine transferred to the DAG in order to form?

A

Lecithin

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12
Q

Oxidation of what is essential to life?

A

Metabolic fuels

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13
Q

What are carbohydrates and lipids metabolized to?

A

CO2 and H2O

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14
Q

Central metabolic currency

A

ATP

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15
Q

What reactions occur in mitochondria?

A

Oxidation- reduction (redox)

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16
Q

Cellular energy, signaling, celluar differentiation, cell death, cell cycle, cell growth

A

Mitochondria

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17
Q

How are energy (calorie) value of fuels calculated?

A

Complete burning (oxidation)

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18
Q

More reduced fuels =

A

Higher calorie

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19
Q

Comprised of glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids and cholesterol

A

Complex lipids

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20
Q

Where are complex lipids found?

A

Biological membranes

Circulating lipoproteins

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21
Q

Backbone is not glycerol

Contains various head groups including sugars

A

Sphingolipids

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22
Q

What does phosphatidylcholinen react with to form phosphatidylserine?

A

Free serine

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23
Q

Sphingolipids with covalently bound sugars are known as?

A

Glycosphingolipids & glycolipids

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24
Q

Polar head-group, comprising the sugars, is attatched to ceramind by a glycosidic bond at the terminal hydroxyl group of spingosine

A

Glycolipids

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25
Q

How is blood group determmined?

A

by the type of sugars located on head groups (glycospingolipids)

26
Q

A-acetylgalactosamine group

A

A antigen

27
Q

Galactose group

A

B antigen

28
Q

No groups

A

O antigen

29
Q

phosphatidylcholine + free serine –> phosphatidylserine + free choline. Choline can be activated to CDP

A

Primary pathways

30
Q

decarboxylation of phosphatidylserine by mitochondrial decarboxylase –> phosphatidylethanolamine. Phosphatidylethanolamine methylated with SAM X3 into phosphatidylcholine

A

Secondary pathway

31
Q

What are the major phospholipids

A

Glycerophosopholipids, sphingolipids, and cholesterol

32
Q

Synthesized from phosphatidic acid and 1,2-diacylglycerol, which are both intermediates in the production of triacylglycerols

A

Phospholipids

33
Q

Where does lipid synthesis occurs?

A

Smooth ER

34
Q

What is the difference between phospholipids and sphingolipids?

A

Sphingolipids do not have a glycerol backbone, they have a sphigosine backbone

35
Q

What does Saponifiable mean?

A

Has an esther functional group

36
Q

Difference between phospholipids and saponfiable?

A

Glycerophosopholipids are saponifiable, sphingolipids are not

37
Q

glycosphingolipids role in blood type?

A

glycosphingolipid head groups will determine the type of antigen on the surface

38
Q

Main building blocks of cholesterol

A

Cell membranes, steroid hormones, vitamin D

39
Q

What does HMG-CoA do?

A

Decrease cholesterol synthesis

40
Q

Removes cholesterol as free form or as bile acids, these will assist in digestion of dietary fat

A

Liver

41
Q

synthesized in liver and then transported to intestine

A

Primary bile acids

42
Q

form in intestine through the action of anaerobic bacteria

A

Secondary bile acids

43
Q

3 main steroid hormones

A

Corticosteroids, androgens, and estrogens

44
Q

Excreted via the kidney in urine

A

Steriod hormones

45
Q

How is the potency of steroids removed

A

Reductions

46
Q

Why are steroid structures conjugated to polar molecules

A

To make it water soluble

47
Q

triacyglycerides, carries cholesterols from liver to adipode tissue

A

Chylomicrons

48
Q

packed chylomicrons in the liver

A

VLDL (very low)

49
Q

triacylglycerides and cholesterol remnants

A

IDL (intermediate)

50
Q

main component is cholesterol, will carry lipids around the body

A

LDL (low)

51
Q

main component is protein, carries phospholipids, cholesterol, triglycerides,

A

HDL (high)

52
Q

Good lipoproteins

A

HDL

53
Q

LDL receptor specifically mediates cellular uptake of LDL particles

A

Lipoprotein receptors

54
Q

What regulates the expression of LDL receptors?

A

Intacellular cholesterol concentration

55
Q
  • chylomicrons formed in intestine of trascylgylcerols to peripheral cells
  • lipoprotein lipase hydrolyzes triacylglycerides to FAs
  • chylomicron remnants are metabolized in liver
A

Fed state of fuel transport

56
Q
  • VLDL transport fuel from liver to peripheral tissues formed in intestine transport of triacylglycerols to peripheral cells
  • VLDL remnants return to liver and metabolized closely
A

Fasting state of fuel transport

57
Q

Overflow pathway

A

LDL metabolism

58
Q

What is LDL generated from?

A

remnants in fuel transport pathway , cholesterol rich

59
Q

What takes up LDL metabolism?

A

APO B/E receptors in peripheral

60
Q

Obtained through diet and synthesis in the liver

A

Cholesterol

Biochem (2 decks)

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