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Blood and Lymph > Complete Blood Count > Flashcards

Complete Blood Count Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three main types of information provided in a CBC?

A

RBC, WBC, and Platelet counts

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2
Q

What is HGB?

A

Hemoglobin concentration

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3
Q

What is HCT?

A

Hematocrit, the portion of total blood volume made of RBC. Determines anemia.

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4
Q

What is MCV?

A

Mean Corpuscular Volume, the size of the RBC

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5
Q

What is RDW?

A

The Red blood cell Distribution Width, or the range of widths of the RBCs present. Normally very small, but larger values signify abnormal findings.

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6
Q

What are RET# and RET%?

A

The number or proportion of circulating reticulocytes (nascent RBC) in the blood. Diversions from normal values indicate possible causes of anemia (overproduction/underproduction of RBC).

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7
Q

What is PLT?

A

The Platelet Count

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8
Q

What is MPV?

A

Mean Platelet Volume

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9
Q

What are the normal ranges of WBC, RBC, HGB, HCT, and MCV for males?

A

WBC = 4-11, RBC = 4.7-6, HGB = 14-18 g/dL, HCT = 39-50%, MCV = 80-100

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10
Q

What are the normal ranges of WBC, RBC, HGB, HCT, and MCV for females?

A

WBC = 4-11, RBC = 4.1-5.6, HGB = 12-16 g/dL, HCT = 35-46%, MCV = 80-100

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11
Q

What parameter describes microcytic vs macrocytic?

A

Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) Below 80 = microcytic, and above 100 = macrocytic.

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12
Q

What is the normal size, nucleation, cytoplasmic color, and central area description of a red blood cell?

A

6.7-7.7 microns in width, no nuclei, eosinophilic (red) cytoplasm, central area of pallor = 1/3 of diameter

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13
Q

What causes abnormal RBC counts?

A

Decreased RBC = Anemia, due to blood loss, peripheral destruction of RBC, or insufficient erythropoiesis in the marrow. Increased RBC = Erythrocytosis/Polycythemia, due to reactive changes (smoking, renal cell carcinoma), thalasemia, or primary marrow neoplasm.

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14
Q

What causes abnormal HGB counts?

A

Hemoglobin is determined spectrophotometrically. Causes are the same as RBC anomalies: Decreased HGB = Anemia, due to blood loss, peripheral destruction of HGB, or insufficient erythropoiesis in the marrow. Increased HGB = Erythrocytosis/Polycythemia, due to reactive changes (smoking, renal cell carcinoma), thalasemia, or primary marrow neoplasm.

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15
Q

How is HCT determined and what causes abnormal values?

A

Hematocrit is the total volume of RBC in whole blood. It is obtained directly after centrifugation or by calculation (HCT = RBCxMCV or roughly HCT = 3xHGB) Decreases caused by anemia or fluid overload. Increases caused by erythrocytosis/polycythemia or dehydration.

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16
Q

How is MCV calculated and what do abnormal values indicate?

A

The Mean Corpuscular Volume (RBC size) is determined by the Coulter principle or MCV = HCT/RBC. Abnormally low values indicate microcytosis (iron deficiency anemia or thalassemia). Abnormally high values indicate macrocytosis (megaloblastic anemia).

17
Q

What are three classes of anemia?

A

Microcytic (MCV 100)

18
Q

What is MCH?

A

The mean quantity of hemoglobin in an RBC

19
Q

How is MCH calculated and what do abnormal values indicate?

A

MCH parallels the MCV (MCV goes up, MCH goes up). MCH = HGB/RBC. Abnormally low MCH mean hypo chromatic, iron deficiency anemia. Abnormally high MCH means hyper chromatic, megaloblastic anemia.

20
Q

How is MCHC different from MCH and what do abnormal levels indicate?

A

Mean Concentration of Hemoglobin is a concentration of hemoglobin, whereas MCH is a quantity of hemoglobin. MCHC is decreased in moderate to severe microcytic anemia. MCHC is increased in hereditary spherocytosis.

21
Q

What conditions cause increases in RDW?

A

RDW is increased in anemia and diseases with RBC destruction (i.e. schistocytosis). The wider the red cell histogram, the larger the RDW.

22
Q

What is the size, staining color, granulation, and nuclear arrangement of neutrophils?

A

Diameter = 9-15 um, cytoplasm stains slightly red (slightly acidophilic), many fine granules, 2-5 nuclear segments/lobes.

23
Q

What are abnormal levels of neutrophils termed?

A

Neutropenia and neutrophilia

24
Q

What is the size, color, and nuclear arrangement of eosinophils?

A

Diameter = 12-17 um, numerous large, round, and orange-red granules (acidophilic), 1-4 nuclear lobes (often 2)

25
Q

What are the primary cytokines that stimulate eosinophils?

A

IL-5, IL-3 and GM-CSF

26
Q

What is the size, color, and nuclear arrangement of basophils?

A

Diameter = 12 um, numerous large, round, purple-black cytoplasmic granules, usually have two nuclear lobes but are often covered by granules.

27
Q

What is the size, color, nuclear arrangement, and staining pattern of the monocyte?

A

Diameter = 15-30 um, abundant cytoplasm with many fine, azurophilic granules, large and eccentric nucleus (round, kidney/horseshoe, or lobulated), slightly grey/blue staining.

28
Q

What is the size, color, and nuclear arrangement of lymphocytes?

A

Diameter = 7-12 um, slight bluish staining, nucleus is round or slightly indented. Minimal cytoplasm unless they are activated.

29
Q

Platelets

A
30
Q

Iron deficiency anemia

A
31
Q

Spherocytosis

A
32
Q

Bite Cells

A
33
Q

Schistocytes

A
34
Q

Target Cells

A
35
Q

Sickle Cell

A
36
Q

Basophilic Stippling

A
37
Q

Howell-Jolly bodies

A
38
Q

Heinz Body

A

Blood and Lymph (22 decks)

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