Complete Flashcards
acetaminophen
(Tylenol)
Category and Schedule
Pregnancy Risk Category: B
Class
Nonnarcotic analgesic
Mechanism of Action
A central analgesic whose exact mechanism is unknown but appears to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis in the CNS and, to a lesser extent, block pain impulses through peripheral action. Acetaminophen acts centrally on hypothalamic heat-regulating center, producing peripheral vasodilation (heat loss, skin erythema, sweating).
Therapeutic Effect
Results in antipyresis. Produces analgesic effect.
albuterol
(Proventil)
Category and Schedule
Pregnancy Risk Category: C
Class
Adrenergic β2-agonist
Mechanism of Action
A sympathomimetic that stimulates β2-adrenergic receptors in the lungs, resulting in relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle.
Theraputic Effect
Relieves bronchospasm and reduces airway resistance.
acetylsalicylic acid
(Bayer Asprin)
Category and Schedule
Pregnancy Risk Category: D
OTC
Class
Nonnarcotic analgesic salicylate
Mechanism of Action
A nonsteroidal salicylate that inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, acts on the hypothalamus heat-regulating center, and interferes with the production of thromboxane A2, a substance that stimulates platelet aggregation.
Theraputic Effect
Reduces inflammatory response and intensity of pain; decreases fever; inhibits platelet aggregation.
atropine sulfate
Category and Schedule
Pregnancy Risk Category: C
Class
Anticholinergic
Mechanism of Action
An acetylcholine antagonist that inhibits the action of acetylcholine by competing with acetylcholine for common binding sites on muscarinic receptors, which are located on exocrine glands, cardiac and smooth-muscle ganglia, and intramural neurons. This action blocks all muscarinic effects.
Theraputic Effect
Decreases GI motility and secretory activity, and GU muscle tone (ureter, bladder); produces ophthalmic cycloplegia and mydriasis.
azithromycin
(Z-PAK)
Category and Schedule
Pregnancy Risk Category: B
Class
Macrolide antibiotic
Mechanism of Action
A macrolide antibiotic that binds to ribosomal receptor sites of susceptible organisms, inhibiting RNA-dependent protein synthesis.
Theraputic Effect
Bacteriostatic or bactericidal, depending on the drug dosage.
ceftriaxone sodium
(Rocephin)
Category and Schedule
Pregnancy Risk Category: B
Class
Antibacterial, cephalosporin
Mechanism of Action
A third-generation cephalosporin that binds to bacterial cell membranes and inhibits cell wall synthesis.
Theraputic Effect
Bactericidal.
ciprofloxacin hydrochloride
(Cipro)
Category and Schedule
Pregnancy Risk Category: C
Class
Topical fluoroquinolone antiinfective
Mechanism of Action
A fluoroquinolone that inhibits the enzyme DNA gyrase in susceptible bacteria, interfering with bacterial cell replication.
Theraputic Effect
Bactericidal.
cisplatin
(Platinol-AQ)
Category and Schedule
Pregnancy Risk Category: D
Class
Platinum coordination complex; antineoplastic
Mechanism of Action
A platinum coordination complex that inhibits DNA and to a lesser extent, RNA, protein synthesis by cross-linking with DNA strands, preventing cell division. Cell cycle-phase nonspecific.
Theraputic Effect
Interferes with DNA function.
codeine phosphate
Category and Schedule
Pregnancy Risk Category: C (D if used for prolonged periods or at high dosages at term)
Controlled substance: Schedule II (single drug), III (combination form)
Class
Opioid analgesic
Mechanism of Action
An opioid agonist that binds to opioid receptors at many sites in the CNS, particularly in the medulla. This action inhibits the ascending pain pathways
Theraputic Effect
Alters the perception of and emotional response to pain, suppresses cough reflex.
dornase alfa
(Pulmozyme)
Category and Schedule
Pregnancy Risk Category: B
Class
Recombinant human deoxyribonuclease (rh DNase)
Mechanism of Action
An enzyme that selectively splits and hydrolyzes DNA in sputum.
Theraputic Effect
Reduces sputum viscosity and elasticity.
enoxaparin sodium
(Lovenox)
Category and Schedule
Pregnancy Risk Category: B
Class
Heparin-type anticoagulant
Mechanism of Action
A low-molecular-weight heparin that potentiates the action of antithrombin III and inactivates coagulation factor Xa.
Theraputic Effect
Produces anticoagulation. Does not significantly influence bleeding time, PT, or aPTT.
etoposide
(Etopophos)
Category and Schedule
Pregnancy Risk Category: D
Class
Antineoplastic- miscellaneous; semisynthetic podophyllotoxin
Mechanism of Action
An epipodophyllotoxin that induces single-and double-stranded breaks in DNA. Cell cycle–dependent and phase-specific; most effective in the S and G2 phases of cell division.
Theraputic Effect
Inhibits or alters DNA synthesis.
fluticasone propionate
(Flovent)
Category and Schedule
Pregnancy Risk Category: C
Class
Synthetic corticosteroid, medium potency
Mechanism of Action
A corticosteroid that controls the rate of protein synthesis, depresses migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, reverses capillary permeability, and stabilizes lysosomal membranes.
Theraputic Effect
Prevents or controls inflammation.
ibuprofen
(Motrin)
Category and Schedule
Pregnancy Risk Category: B (D if used in third trimester or near delivery) OTC (Tablets: 200 mg, Oral Suspension: 100 mg/5 ml)
Class
Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory
Mechanism of Action
An NSAID that inhibits prostaglandin synthesis. Also produces vasodilation by acting centrally on the heat-regulating center of the hypothalamus.
Theraputic Effect
Produces analgesic and antiinflammatory effects and decreases fever.
ipratropium bromide
(Atrovent)
Category and Schedule
Pregnancy Risk Category: B
Class
Anticholinergic bronchodilator
Mechanism of Action
An anticholinergic that blocks the action of acetylcholine at parasympathetic sites in bronchial smooth muscle.
Theraputic Effect
Causes bronchodilation and inhibits nasal secretions.
