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Y3 Pharmacist sem 1 > Complementary therapy 2: Herbal Medicines > Flashcards

Complementary therapy 2: Herbal Medicines Flashcards

1
Q

What do herbalists believe?

A

Health is when the natural state of the body is achieved.

Ill health arises when there is an imbalance

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2
Q

What do herbal remedies do?

A
  • Stimulate the body’s defences
  • Normalise processes
  • Eliminate toxins
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3
Q

What do herbal medicines use?

A

Whole plants, whole plant parts or whole plant extracts.

- the wide range of compounds act together to produce a single therapeutic effect

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4
Q

In what ways do herbal remedies that make therapeutic claims need to be registered as?

A
  • Medicines
  • Or under Traditional Herbal Registration Scheme (THR) (all registered products are given a registration number similar to an MA number)
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5
Q

How long does the product have to have been in use for under the THMP scheme?

A

30 years

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6
Q

What do products under the THMP scheme have to demonstrate?

A
  • Quality
  • Safety
    • Does NOT have to demonstrate that it actually works
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7
Q

What information do products under the THMP scheme have to provide?

A
  • contraindications
  • side effect
  • use in pregnancy, children
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8
Q

What are the restrictions on Pharmacists selling herbal remedies?

A

Pharmacists can sell from a registered premises any herbal remedies:

  • containing substances in parts 1 and 2
  • anything sold by a herbal practitioner or shopkeeper
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9
Q

What are the restrictions on Herbal practitioners selling herbal remedies?

A

Herbal practitioner can sell remedies:

  • containing substances in part 2
  • GSL herbal medicines
  • Any remedy which can be sold by a shopkeeper
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10
Q

What are the restrictions on any shopkeeper selling herbal remedies?

A

Any shopkeeper or dealer can sell:

  • GSL herbal medicines (MA, PL)
  • Registered Traditional Herbal Medicinal Products (THR)
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11
Q

What is St John’s Wort used for?

A

Depression

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12
Q

What is the main ingredient of St John’s Wort?

A

Hyperforin

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13
Q

What does Hyperforin do?

A

Inhibit the reuptake of monoamines

  • Inhibits the reuptake of serotonin (5-HT)
  • Up-regulate serotonin receptors
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14
Q

What is an active hypericin and what can it do?

A
  • Blue-black planar solid

- Can readily form free radicals - linked to photo-sensitivity side effects

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15
Q

What is the extraction solvent for St Johns Wort?

A

Ethanol 60% (v/v)

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16
Q

How much extract does each St Johns Wort tablet contain?

A

Each tablet contains 250mg of extract (as a dry extract) from St John’s aerial parts (3.5-6:1) (equivalent to 875-1500mg of St John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum)

17
Q

What formulations are available for St Johns Wort?

A

o Tablets
o Capsules
o Teabags
o Tinctures

18
Q

Are there any Drug interactions for St Johns Wort?

A

• St John’s wort induces the cytochrome P450 isoenzymes CYP3A4 and CYP2C10.
o Drugs which are metabolised by these isoenzymes will therefore be at a lower concentrations & decreased clinical efficacy.
• St John’s wort induces the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux transporter.
o Drugs which are substrates for this transporter show an increased clearance, leading to lower concentrations & decreased clinical efficacy.

19
Q

What medications should you not take with St Johns Wort?

A
  • All hormonal contraceptives
  • Medicines for depression
  • All HRT
  • All anticoagulants (blood thinners)
  • All immunosuppressants
  • Some medicines for high BP (amlodipine, nifedipine, felodipine, verapamil)
  • Some medicines for heart disease (digoxin, ivadradine, amiodarone)
  • All medicines for epilepsy
  • All medicines for HIV infections
  • Some medicines for cancer
  • Some medicines for migraines
  • Lithium (regulates mood)
  • Some medicines for cholesterol
  • Thyroxine
20
Q

DO NOT take St Johns wort if:

A
  • You are under 18
  • You are pregnant or breastfeeding
  • You are allergic to any of the ingredients
  • You are lactose intolerant
  • Your skin is exceptionally sensitive to sunlight
  • You are having light treatment for any condition
  • You are suffering from depression
21
Q

Whilst taking this product:

A

• Avoid excessive sunbathing or the use of sunbeds/solariums
• Stop using it at least 10 days prior to undergoing any surgery:
• Avoid with anaesthetics/pre-operative medicines:
o Fentanyl, propofol, sevoflurane, midazolam

Y3 Pharmacist sem 1 (6 decks)

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