COMPLEMENTARY NUTRITION Flashcards
COMPLEMENT
Contribute extra features to (someone or something) in such a way as to improve or emphasize their qualities.
NUTRIENT:
A substance that provides nourishment essential
for the maintenance of life and for growth.
COMPLEMENTARY FOOD
Complementary food refers to food, whether
manufactured or locally prepared suitable as a
complement to breast milk or infant formula, when either become insufficient to satisfy nutritional requirements of the infant. At this age, the infant is developmentally ready to be introduced to other foods.
FUNCTIONAL FOODS
• Foods with beneficial physiological or psychological effects beyond providing essential nutrients.
• Contain naturally occurring or added non-nutrients.
• Foods enhanced with functional ingredients.
• Functional foods are foods that provide health benefits beyond (in addition to) basic nutrition
Foods that are considered functional foods
• Yogurt and fermented dairy products contain
probiotics, which may improve gastrointestinal
health.
• Soy protein reduces cholesterol levels.
• Oats and oat-containing foods, with soluble fiber beta glucan, reduce cholesterol level
• Polyphenolic compounds in purple grape juice
support normal, healthy cardiovascular function.
• Garlic has sulfur compounds that reduce risk for cancer and heart disease
Antioxidants
• Neutralize free radicals
• Reduce heart disease, cancer risk
• Found in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and
legumes, wine.
FREE RADICALS
• Think of them as a kind of acid produced by normal metabolism
• Greatly increased by the stress of athletic
exertion/exercise
• Tear down DNA and cell walls and cancers
• Profoundly linked to “aging”
• Neutralized by Antioxidants
WHAT DO THE FRUITS AND VEGGIES DO?
Provide antioxidants that the body can not make on its own, thereby blocking free radical damage.
PHYTOCHEMICALS MAKE FOOD FUNCTIONAL
• Substances in plants
• Promote health
• Are not essential for life
• Are a benefit to the plant itself
PHYTOCHEMICALS
• A phytochemical is a chemical that acts as dietary
supplement that comes from plants
• Phytochemicals are demonstrated to have
antioxidant abilities. Eg. from fruits and vegetables
• Isoflavones from soy
• Lycopene from tomatoes
Benefits of phytochemicals
• Anticancer activity: bromelain, fucoxanthin,
astaxanthin.
• Prevent chronic diseases: Phytoestrogens, omega-
3.
• Neutralize free radicals: polyphenol, carotenoid.
ANTIOXIDANTS
• Antioxidants are chemicals that lessen or prevent the effect of free radicals.
• They donatean electron to free radicals, thereby reducing their reactivity.
• Prevent chronic diseases such as cancer and CVD.
ANTIOXIDANTS IN FOOD INDUSTRY
• Prevent food containing fat or oil from going rancid due to oxidation, i.e. developing an unpleasant odor or flavor;
• Prevent the browning of cut fruit, vegetables, and fruit juices (and so increase shelf life and appearance).
• Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, or E300, is one of the most widely used antioxidants.
Reds (Color)
Tomatoes, strawberries, watermelon…loaded with
Lycopene to protect from prostate cancer
Beets contain iron and folic acid.
Cranberries have strong antibiotic qualities.
Greens
Full of calcium, folic acid, potassium, lutein
zeaxanthine, heavy with antioxidants.
Kale has 50% more absorbable calcium than milk
Folic acid needed to lower homocysteine, prevent spina bifida and process seretonin, which eases depression.
Yellows and oranges
Carrots are an awesome source of beta carotene.
Pineapple is a natural anti-inflammatory
Blues and purples
Grapes with flavonoids decreases the stickiness of our blood.
Blackberries reduce colon cancers.
Elderberries fight viruses.
Blueberries are the highest in antioxidants.
Nutraceutical
• A nutraceutical is a product isolated or purified from foods that are generally sold in medicinal forms not usually associated with foods.
• A nutraceutical is demonstrated to have a physiological benefit or provide protection against chronic disease.
Dietary supplements Vitamins and Minerals
1) Increased nutrient needs and/or poor intake
• Pregnant and breastfeeding women
• Women with heavy menstrual losses
• Children
• Infants
• People with severe food restrictions
• Strict vegetarians
• Elderly
2) Conventional medicine
• Drug interactions
• Malabsorption syndromes
• Treatment of deficiencies
• Druglike effects
Dietary supplements Natural Health Products
1) Herbal therapy (phytotherapy)
• Traditional medical practices
• Little scientific evidence of efficacy and safety
2) Helpful herbs: examples
• St. John’s wort = antidepressant
• Milk thistle = dyspepsia; diabetes
• Ginkgo biloba = improve the mind
• Saw palmetto extract = Prostate problems
• Cranberry extract
3) Helpful herbs, harmful herbs
• Strong enough to help, strong enough to hurt
• Can interfere with standard medicines
Dietary Supplements in the Marketplace
1) The FDA and supplement regulation
• Dietary supplements are not drugs
• Dietary supplements are not food additives
• Approval by FDA is not required
Dietary Supplements VS Drugs
• Drug = intended to diagnose, cure, mitigate, treat, or prevent disease.
• Both intended to affect structure and function of body.
• Drug must undergo FDA approval after clinical studies to determine effectiveness and safety.
• D/S = no pre-market testing
Dietary Supplements VS Foods
• Foods not intended to affect structure and function
• D/S intended only to supplement diet
• Not represented for use as conventional food
• Not intended as sole item of a meal or the diet”
COMPLEMENT NUTRIENT THAT WORK TOGETHER FOR HEALTH
1) Magnesium, Calcium, Vitamin D
2) Vitamin K and Calcium
3) Sodium & Potassium
4) B12 and Folate
Magnesium, Calcium, Vitamin D
• Magnesium’s supporting act in service of calcium
starts with absorption in the small intestine.
• The two minerals share similar passage into the
blood stream, and both depend on activation in the kidney.
• Calcium’s utility is also complemented by vitamin D. That’s because the hormone-like vitamin helps maintain healthy calcium levels in two ways.
• It helps optimize absorption of the mineral in the gut.
• Vitamin D supports the regulation of calcium in the body.
Vitamin K and Calcium
• K2 supports the action of osteocalcin.
• Osteocalcin isn’t created in an active form. To ready it for work, we need the support of vitamin K2.
• Vitamin K is needed in the body to collect calcium from the blood and help the mineral become part of the bones.
Vitamin as a Complementary Nutrient
• C plays well with two other important nutrients—iron and vitamin E.
• Antioxidant that neutralize free radicals.
• Enhance immune system.
Sodium and Potassium
• Potassium to help balance out all the sodium in the modern diet and support heart health and keep blood pressure in the normal range.
• They also work together to optimize the transmission of nerve and muscle signals.
• That’s because the intake of potassium by cells bumps out sodium, helping to maintain proper communication between nerves and muscles alike
B12 and Folate
• B12 and folate helps cell division and replication.
• They also support the metabolism of homocysteine (a prevalent amino acid with ties to heart health).
• But this relationship starts at the absorption stage, where B12 supports a string of natural processes that make folate available for use in your body.
