Competencies 1-5 Flashcards
Baby Boomers are aging adults born from _____ to _____. They will reach retirement starting _____ to _____. This large segment of the population will require increased numbers of healthcare providers.
1946-1964
2011-2030
Negative attitude toward aging or older adults
Ageism
Alzheimer’s is characterized by _____ and _____.
beta amyloid plaques
neurofibrillary tangles
_____ Basic principles for Communication
Satir’s
invite, arrange environment, maximize communication, maximize understanding, and follow through
(I AM MF)
AAC
Augmentative and Alternative Communication
Refers to all forms of communication that enhance or supplement speech and writing, either, temporarily or permanently. AAC can both enhance (augmentative) and replace (alternative) conventional forms of expression for people who can’t communicate through speech, writing, or gestures.
_____ (IADLs): Activities related to _____ living, they include meal preparation, money management, shopping, housework, and using a telephone.
Instrumental activities of daily living
Independent Living
What is the criterion for the pneumococcal vaccine?
- 65 years of age or older
- There is evidence to support one-time-only revaccination for clients 75 years or older who have not been vaccinated in 5 or more years.
In most cases of elder abuse who is the perpetrator?
What demographics are most vulnerable?
Most cases of elder abuse are perpetrated by a family member, and reasons for the abuse include caregiver burnout and stress, financial worries, trans-generational violence and psychopathology in the abuser. Women and dependent elders tend to be the most vulnerable to abuse.
Three types of assessments
Physical assessment is assessing the patient’s physical health. It included vital signs, assessing for pain, blood pressure problems, irregular heartbeat, abnormal breath sounds, etc.
Functional assessment is assessing what the older adult can still for themselves. Bathing, eating, getting dress, brushing their teeth and more are functional abilities. Functional abilities can be altered due to physical impairment and illness. Dr. Katz and Dr. Barthel developed ADL/IADL indexes to measure the patient’s functional abilities.
Cognitive- thought processing, thinking and reasoning skills.
An overall Assessment Tool of Older Adults (S_____)
SPICES
- S is for Sleep Disorders
- P is for Problems with Bathing or Feeding
- I Incontinence
- C is for Confusion
- E is for Evidence of Falls
- S is for Skin Breakdown
Tool to quickly identify delirium
CAM (Confusion Assessment Method)
Purpose is to identify drugs to avoid in older adults, to reduce ADRs and improve medication selection & use in older adults.
Beers’ Criteria
START Criteria
There are __ criteria
They are _____
Screening Tool to Alert doctors to the Right Treatment.
There are 34 START criteria, which are meds which are commonly underused in the elderly
STOPP criteria
There are __ STOPP criteria
They are _____
Screening Tool of Older People’s potentially inappropriate Prescriptions
There are 80 STOPP criteria, which are meds which should be avoided or used cautiously in older patients
Intrinsic risk factors
Relate to the changes associated with aging and with disorders of physical functions needed to maintain balance. These functions include vestibular, proprioceptive, and visual function as well as cognition and musculoskeletal function.
Extrinsic risk factors
Implicated in up to __% of all falls in elderly community settings
Related to environmental hazards and challenges such as poor lighting, stairs, clutter, and throw rugs. Extrinsic factors are implicated in up to 50% of all falls in the elderly in community settings.
Brown Bag Assessment
Patient brings in all medications they are taking including prescriptions, OTCs, supplements & herbals to the clinic or hospital visit. This is superior to self-reporting and clinician can check for compliance and also ask patient about their knowledge of the drugs.
Set of health care objectives designed to increase the quality and quantity of years of healthy life of Americans and to eliminate health disparities
Healthy People 2020
Secondary prevention
directed toward early detection and management of disease, such as the use of colonoscopy to detect small, cancerous polyp
Tertiary Prevention
efforts are those used to manage clinical diseases in order to prevent them from progressing or to avoid complications of the disease, as is done when beta blockers are used to help remodel the heart in congestive heart failure.
USPSTF
was convened by the U.S. Public Health Service to systematically review the evidence of effectiveness of clinical preventive services. The task force is an independent panel of private-sector experts in primary care and prevention whose mission is to evaluate the benefits of individual services and to create age, gender, and risk based recommendations about services that should routinely be incorporated into primary medical care.
malnutrition
Serum albumin: Less than 3.5 g/d
Normal BMI
BMI 22-27
leading cause of unintentional injury death in older adults in this country
Falls
Tetanus: recommended re-vaccination after __ years in the elderly
10
Group with the highest rate of suicide
Elderly men
Mini Mental State Examination
This exam test the elderly’s orientation, registration, attention and calculation, recall(memory) and visuo-spatial skills. If the patient scores less than __, indicates cognitive impairment. Aids in detecting _____.
20, dementia
Mini-Cog
Cognitive screening tool that can be administered in 5 minutes or less and requires minimal training. Consists of _____ + _____.
3 item recall, clock drawing test (CDT)
CAGE questionnaire
- Cut down: Refers to attempts by the client to cut down on drinking
- Annoyance: Related to suggestions by friends or family to cut down on drinking
- Guilt: Relates to client guilt about drinking
- Eye opener: Relates to the need for a drink in the morning to get going
ischemic stroke risk factors
increased age, hypertension, smoking, and diabetes
This law requires that patients are provided the opportunity to express their preferences regarding lifesaving or life-sustaining care on entering any health care service, including hospitals, long-term care centers, and home care agencies. The law also requires that adequate information be supplied to the patient so that he or she can make informed decisions regarding self-determination
Patient Self-Determination Act of 1990
4 Ethical Principles
- autonomy
- beneficence (doing good)
- nonmaleficence (not doing harm)
- justice
the right to decide
self-determination
Healthy Aging
The ability to maintain three key behaviors:
- low risk of disease and disease-related disability
- high mental and physical function
- active engagement of life
Orthopneic position
Position that a patient with orthopnea should be placed in to facilitate breathing: Seated in a chair or supported in bed into a sitting position
Isometric Exercise
(or static strength training)
Involves holding a position rather than moving. Helps maintain muscle strength. Examples include planks, yoga, push against a wall.
A _____ is a stretch or tear in a ligament
sprain
A _____ is a stretch or tear in a muscle or a tendon
strain
Functional Incontinence
Results from problems outside the urinary tract such as immobility or cognitive impairment
Stress incontinence
Leak during coughing or laughing
Immunologic Theory of Aging
_____ enhances T-cell function
Decreased immune function in elderly due to thymus gland shrinking to 15% of its capacity. Loss of T-cell differentiation also occurs in elderly.
Exercise enhances T-cell function
