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WGU C475 > Competencies 1-5 > Flashcards

Competencies 1-5 Flashcards

1
Q

Baby Boomers are aging adults born from _____ to _____. They will reach retirement starting _____ to _____. This large segment of the population will require increased numbers of healthcare providers.

A

1946-1964

2011-2030

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2
Q

Negative attitude toward aging or older adults

A

Ageism

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3
Q

Alzheimer’s is characterized by _____ and _____.

A

beta amyloid plaques

neurofibrillary tangles

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4
Q

_____ Basic principles for Communication

A

Satir’s

invite, arrange environment, maximize communication, maximize understanding, and follow through

(I AM MF)

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5
Q

AAC

A

Augmentative and Alternative Communication

Refers to all forms of communication that enhance or supplement speech and writing, either, temporarily or permanently. AAC can both enhance (augmentative) and replace (alternative) conventional forms of expression for people who can’t communicate through speech, writing, or gestures.

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6
Q

_____ (IADLs): Activities related to _____ living, they include meal preparation, money management, shopping, housework, and using a telephone.

A

Instrumental activities of daily living

Independent Living

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7
Q

What is the criterion for the pneumococcal vaccine?

A
  • 65 years of age or older
  • There is evidence to support one-time-only revaccination for clients 75 years or older who have not been vaccinated in 5 or more years.
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8
Q

In most cases of elder abuse who is the perpetrator?

What demographics are most vulnerable?

A

Most cases of elder abuse are perpetrated by a family member, and reasons for the abuse include caregiver burnout and stress, financial worries, trans-generational violence and psychopathology in the abuser. Women and dependent elders tend to be the most vulnerable to abuse.

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9
Q

Three types of assessments

A

Physical assessment is assessing the patient’s physical health. It included vital signs, assessing for pain, blood pressure problems, irregular heartbeat, abnormal breath sounds, etc.

Functional assessment is assessing what the older adult can still for themselves. Bathing, eating, getting dress, brushing their teeth and more are functional abilities. Functional abilities can be altered due to physical impairment and illness. Dr. Katz and Dr. Barthel developed ADL/IADL indexes to measure the patient’s functional abilities.

Cognitive- thought processing, thinking and reasoning skills.

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10
Q

An overall Assessment Tool of Older Adults (S_____)

A

SPICES

  • S is for Sleep Disorders
  • P is for Problems with Bathing or Feeding
  • I Incontinence
  • C is for Confusion
  • E is for Evidence of Falls
  • S is for Skin Breakdown
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11
Q

Tool to quickly identify delirium

A

CAM (Confusion Assessment Method)

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12
Q

Purpose is to identify drugs to avoid in older adults, to reduce ADRs and improve medication selection & use in older adults.

A

Beers’ Criteria

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13
Q

START Criteria

There are __ criteria

They are _____

A

Screening Tool to Alert doctors to the Right Treatment.

There are 34 START criteria, which are meds which are commonly underused in the elderly

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14
Q

STOPP criteria

There are __ STOPP criteria

They are _____

A

Screening Tool of Older People’s potentially inappropriate Prescriptions

There are 80 STOPP criteria, which are meds which should be avoided or used cautiously in older patients

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15
Q

Intrinsic risk factors

A

Relate to the changes associated with aging and with disorders of physical functions needed to maintain balance. These functions include vestibular, proprioceptive, and visual function as well as cognition and musculoskeletal function.

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16
Q

Extrinsic risk factors

Implicated in up to __% of all falls in elderly community settings

A

Related to environmental hazards and challenges such as poor lighting, stairs, clutter, and throw rugs. Extrinsic factors are implicated in up to 50% of all falls in the elderly in community settings.

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17
Q

Brown Bag Assessment

A

Patient brings in all medications they are taking including prescriptions, OTCs, supplements & herbals to the clinic or hospital visit. This is superior to self-reporting and clinician can check for compliance and also ask patient about their knowledge of the drugs.

18
Q

Set of health care objectives designed to increase the quality and quantity of years of healthy life of Americans and to eliminate health disparities

A

Healthy People 2020

19
Q

Secondary prevention

A

directed toward early detection and management of disease, such as the use of colonoscopy to detect small, cancerous polyp

20
Q

Tertiary Prevention

A

efforts are those used to manage clinical diseases in order to prevent them from progressing or to avoid complications of the disease, as is done when beta blockers are used to help remodel the heart in congestive heart failure.

21
Q

USPSTF

A

was convened by the U.S. Public Health Service to systematically review the evidence of effectiveness of clinical preventive services. The task force is an independent panel of private-sector experts in primary care and prevention whose mission is to evaluate the benefits of individual services and to create age, gender, and risk based recommendations about services that should routinely be incorporated into primary medical care.

22
Q

malnutrition

A

Serum albumin: Less than 3.5 g/d

23
Q

Normal BMI

A

BMI 22-27

24
Q

leading cause of unintentional injury death in older adults in this country

A

Falls

25
Q

Tetanus: recommended re-vaccination after __ years in the elderly

A

10

26
Q

Group with the highest rate of suicide

A

Elderly men

27
Q

Mini Mental State Examination

This exam test the elderly’s orientation, registration, attention and calculation, recall(memory) and visuo-spatial skills. If the patient scores less than __, indicates cognitive impairment. Aids in detecting _____.

A

20, dementia

28
Q

Mini-Cog

Cognitive screening tool that can be administered in 5 minutes or less and requires minimal training. Consists of _____ + _____.

A

3 item recall, clock drawing test (CDT)

29
Q

CAGE questionnaire

A
  • Cut down: Refers to attempts by the client to cut down on drinking
  • Annoyance: Related to suggestions by friends or family to cut down on drinking
  • Guilt: Relates to client guilt about drinking
  • Eye opener: Relates to the need for a drink in the morning to get going
30
Q

ischemic stroke risk factors

A

increased age, hypertension, smoking, and diabetes

31
Q

This law requires that patients are provided the opportunity to express their preferences regarding lifesaving or life-sustaining care on entering any health care service, including hospitals, long-term care centers, and home care agencies. The law also requires that adequate information be supplied to the patient so that he or she can make informed decisions regarding self-determination

A

Patient Self-Determination Act of 1990

32
Q

4 Ethical Principles

A
  1. autonomy
  2. beneficence (doing good)
  3. nonmaleficence (not doing harm)
  4. justice
33
Q

the right to decide

A

self-determination

34
Q

Healthy Aging

The ability to maintain three key behaviors:

A
  1. low risk of disease and disease-related disability
  2. high mental and physical function
  3. active engagement of life
35
Q

Orthopneic position

A

Position that a patient with orthopnea should be placed in to facilitate breathing: Seated in a chair or supported in bed into a sitting position

36
Q

Isometric Exercise

(or static strength training)

A

Involves holding a position rather than moving. Helps maintain muscle strength. Examples include planks, yoga, push against a wall.

37
Q

A _____ is a stretch or tear in a ligament

A

sprain

38
Q

A _____ is a stretch or tear in a muscle or a tendon

A

strain

39
Q

Functional Incontinence

A

Results from problems outside the urinary tract such as immobility or cognitive impairment

40
Q

Stress incontinence

A

Leak during coughing or laughing

41
Q

Immunologic Theory of Aging

_____ enhances T-cell function

A

Decreased immune function in elderly due to thymus gland shrinking to 15% of its capacity. Loss of T-cell differentiation also occurs in elderly.

Exercise enhances T-cell function

WGU C475 (3 decks)

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