Compendiums 1 - 4 Flashcards
What is a cell?
Smallest structural organism carrying out a specific function under the aid of a microscope
Intracellular
Inside the cell
Extracellular
Outside the cell
Intercellular
In-between the cell
Intravascular
Inside the blood vessel
Main components of intracellular environment
Organelles, cytoplasm, water, nutrients etc
What is a tissue?
Collection of cells with a particular function
4 main tissue types
Epithelial, Muscle, Connective and Nervous
What is histology?
Histology is the study of tissue under the presence of a microscope
Haematoxylin and Eosin (A&E)
Substance used to stain tissue —— Nucleus is purple
What is an organelle and where can they be found?
Organelles can be located in all cells. Organelle’s are structures found in a cell with a specific function
Nucleus
Central control centre. Contains DNA and information of cell
Nucleolus
Produces ribosomes. Inside the nucleolus contains RNA
Mitochondria
Power house. Produces energy to cell (ATP)
Ribosome
Synthesises protein
Lysosome
Demolition of cells (waste products)
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
Production and modification of protein
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)
Detoxification of harmful substances…. Similarly, lots of SER in liver – Liver detoxifies harmful substances
Centrosome
Cell centre –> cell division
Golgi apparatus
Traffic control for proteins
What’s inside the cytoplasm
Cytosol + Organelles (Except nucleus)
Muscular Tissue
Provides flexibility and movement
- Smooth = voluntary
- Cardiac = involuntary
- Skeletal = voluntary
Epithelial Tissue
Covers and protects surface of cell. Avascular (no bloody supply). Arranged in different layers.
Cytoskeleton
Provides strength and structure/stability to cell
Cytoplasm
Cell components outside the nucleus. All the intracellular fluid plus all the organelles except the nucleus
Cytosol
Intracellular fluid.
Purpose of anatomical position?
Provides a point of reference to describe different parts of the body
What are the 6 levels of organisation
1) Molecular - DNA, RNA, protein etc
2) Cellular - Red blood cells, muscle cells
3) Tissue - Muscle tissue
4) Organ (lots of tissue) - Kidney, liver, heart, lungs etc
5) Organ system - Cardiovascular
6) Organism - Animal, insect etc
What determines if something is alive?
- Organisation, metabolism (chemical reactions), responsiveness, growth, development and reproduction
Body positions
Supine: Person lying on their back (palm upwards)
Prone: Person lying on their stomach (palm downwards)
Superior
Structure is above another (higher)
Inferior
Structure is below another (lower)
Anterior (ventral)
Front of body
Posterior (Dorsal)
Towards back of the body
Planes in which the body or organs can be divided
Saggital: Vertical line down separating left and right
Frontal: Runs vertically from right to left - dividing body into anterior and posterior
Transverse: Horizontal - superior and inferior bodies
Three cavities
1) Thoracic cavity - Lungs and Mediastinum
2) Abdominal cavity - stomach, intestines, kidney
3) Pelvic cavity - bladder, reproductive organs