Compendiums 1 - 4

Question 1

What is a cell?

Answer 1

Smallest structural organism carrying out a specific function under the aid of a microscope

Question 2

Intracellular

Answer 2

Inside the cell

Question 3

Extracellular

Answer 3

Outside the cell

Question 4

Intercellular

Answer 4

In-between the cell

Question 5

Intravascular

Answer 5

Inside the blood vessel

Question 6

Main components of intracellular environment

Answer 6

Organelles, cytoplasm, water, nutrients etc

Question 7

What is a tissue?

Answer 7

Collection of cells with a particular function

Question 8

4 main tissue types

Answer 8

Epithelial, Muscle, Connective and Nervous

Question 9

What is histology?

Answer 9

Histology is the study of tissue under the presence of a microscope

Question 10

Haematoxylin and Eosin (A&E)

Answer 10

Substance used to stain tissue —— Nucleus is purple

Question 11

What is an organelle and where can they be found?

Answer 11

Organelles can be located in all cells. Organelle’s are structures found in a cell with a specific function

Question 12

Nucleus

Answer 12

Central control centre. Contains DNA and information of cell

Question 13

Nucleolus

Answer 13

Produces ribosomes. Inside the nucleolus contains RNA

Question 14

Mitochondria

Answer 14

Power house. Produces energy to cell (ATP)

Question 15

Ribosome

Answer 15

Synthesises protein

Question 16

Lysosome

Answer 16

Demolition of cells (waste products)

Question 17

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)

Answer 17

Production and modification of protein

Question 18

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)

Answer 18

Detoxification of harmful substances…. Similarly, lots of SER in liver – Liver detoxifies harmful substances

Question 19

Centrosome

Answer 19

Cell centre –> cell division

Question 20

Golgi apparatus

Answer 20

Traffic control for proteins

Question 21

What’s inside the cytoplasm

Answer 21

Cytosol + Organelles (Except nucleus)

Question 22

Muscular Tissue

Answer 22

Provides flexibility and movement

• Smooth = voluntary
• Cardiac = involuntary
• Skeletal = voluntary

Question 23

Epithelial Tissue

Answer 23

Covers and protects surface of cell. Avascular (no bloody supply). Arranged in different layers.

Question 24

Cytoskeleton

Answer 24

Provides strength and structure/stability to cell

Question 25

Cytoplasm

Answer 25

Cell components outside the nucleus. All the intracellular fluid plus all the organelles except the nucleus

Question 26

Cytosol

Answer 26

Intracellular fluid.

Question 27

Purpose of anatomical position?

Answer 27

Provides a point of reference to describe different parts of the body

Question 28

What are the 6 levels of organisation

Answer 28

1) Molecular - DNA, RNA, protein etc
2) Cellular - Red blood cells, muscle cells
3) Tissue - Muscle tissue
4) Organ (lots of tissue) - Kidney, liver, heart, lungs etc
5) Organ system - Cardiovascular
6) Organism - Animal, insect etc

Question 29

What determines if something is alive?

Answer 29

• Organisation, metabolism (chemical reactions), responsiveness, growth, development and reproduction

Question 30

Body positions

Answer 30

Supine: Person lying on their back (palm upwards)
Prone: Person lying on their stomach (palm downwards)

Question 31

Superior

Answer 31

Structure is above another (higher)

Question 32

Inferior

Answer 32

Structure is below another (lower)

Question 33

Anterior (ventral)

Answer 33

Front of body

Question 34

Posterior (Dorsal)

Answer 34

Towards back of the body

Question 35

Planes in which the body or organs can be divided

Answer 35

Saggital: Vertical line down separating left and right

Frontal: Runs vertically from right to left - dividing body into anterior and posterior

Transverse: Horizontal - superior and inferior bodies

Question 36

Three cavities

Answer 36

1) Thoracic cavity - Lungs and Mediastinum
2) Abdominal cavity - stomach, intestines, kidney
3) Pelvic cavity - bladder, reproductive organs