Compartments of the Neck Flashcards
which muscle divides the neck into anterior and posterior/lateral cervical triangles?
sternocleidomastoid
anterior cervical triangle: connects head, neck, thorax
posterior/lateral cervical triangle: connects head, neck, upper limb
the R/L vertebral arteries course through the ____ foramina
transverse foramina
what is the anatomical landmark for bifurcation of the common carotid artery?
superior border at C4 vertebra
what are the 2 membranes around the larynx?
- thyrohyoid membrane
- cricothyroid ligament
at what vertebral level is the cricoid cartilage?
C6
thyroid cartilage above, first tracheal ring below
what are the 3 superficial cervical muscles and their innervation?
- platysma: via facial nerve (CN VII), tenses neck skin
- trapezius: via accessory nerve (CN XI), shrug shoulders
- sternocleidomastoid: via accessory nerve (CN XI), rotate to opposite side
what is the cause of torticollis in infants vs adults?
aka wry neck: head tilts towards affected side with face looking away
infants - congenital muscular torticollis: fibrous tissue mass forms in sternocleidomastoid around birth
adults - cervical dystonia/spasmodic torticollis: neurological disease/accident
what are the deep cervical muscles?
anterior scalenes - flexion
middle scalenes
posterior scalenes - extension, controlled flexion, dorsal rami
how can you test for thoracic outlet syndrome?
turn head to other side and see if there is a diminished pulse
what are the hyoid muscles of the neck?
suprahyoids (elevate hyoid) - mylohyoid, digastric, stylohyoid, geniohyoid
infrahyoids (depress hyoid) - sternohyoid, omohyoid, thyrohyoid, sternothyroid
the viscera of the neck (thyroid, trachea, esophagus) are surrounded by _____ fascia, while the vertebral columns and muscles are surrounded by _____ fascia
the viscera of the neck (thyroid, trachea, esophagus) are surrounded by PRETRACHEAL fascia, while the vertebral columns and muscles are surrounded by PREVERTEBRAL fascia [note the axillary sheath is an extension of prevertebral fascia]
what is contained in the investing fascia of the neck?
surrounds entire neck and encloses the trapezius and SCM (sternocleidomastoid)
forms roof of the cervical triangles
[lies deep to the superficial fascia]
which deep cervical fascia surrounds the infrahyoids?
pretracheal muscular fascia
the _____ is the posterior part of the pretracheal visceral fascia (which surrounds the thyroid-parathyroid, larynx-trachea, and pharynx-esophagus)
buccopharyngeal fascia
which cervical space contains the sympathetic trunk and can facilitate infectious spread?
retropharyngeal space - posterior to the buccopharyngeal fascia
what is contained in the carotid sheath? (4)
- common carotid (medial)
- internal jugular vein (lateral)
- vagus nerve (posterior between the vessels)
- deep cervical lymph nodes
match:
a. subclavian artery, common carotid artery
b. anterior triangle, posterior triangle
subclavian artery - posterior triangle, branches supply deep neck/shoulder/brain
common carotid artery - anterior triangle, bifurcates into external/internal carotid at C4
where anatomically is the carotid pulse palpated?
common carotid is in anterior triangle, anterior to the SCM border and posterolateral to the larynx
where are the following found, and what do they contain?
a. carotid body
b. carotid sinus
a. carotid body - located at common carotid artery (CCA) bifurcation, contains chemoreceptors
b. carotid sinus - located in dilation of wall of internal carotid artery at CCA bifurcation, contains baroreceptors
innervated by CN IX (glossopharyngeal)
enlargement of the sentinel nodes of Virchow/Troisier may be evidence of…
aka supraclavicular nodes (lower deep cervical group)
may be evidence of cancer in the abdomen (ex, gastric cancer) that has metastasized through lymphogenous spread
