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Structure and Function > Compartments of Neck 1.2 > Flashcards

Compartments of Neck 1.2 Flashcards

1
Q

Anterior and Posterior triangles separated by

A

sternocleidomastoid mu

scle

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2
Q

Bones of neck

A

7 cervical vertebrae

Hyoid bone

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3
Q

Typical

cervical vertebra

A

C3-C6
* foramina within their transverse
processes for transmittance of the vertebral artery and veins

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4
Q

C7 vertebrae

A

long spinous process

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5
Q

Atlas

A

C1 vertebrae

  • at base of skull
  • no vertebral body
  • no spinous process
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6
Q

Axis

A

C2 vertebrae
* Dens odontoid process
(the missing vertebrae process of C1 is here)

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7
Q

Hyoid bone

A
  • anterior part of neck
  • C3 vertebrae
  • in the angle of mandible and thyroid cartilage
  • does not articulate with any other bones
  • thyrohyoid membrane
  • swallowing
  • phonation
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8
Q

Cartilages of neck

A
  • thyroid
  • cricoid
  • arytenoid
  • tracheal
  • form skeleton of larynx and airway
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9
Q

Laryngeal prominence

A

“Adam’s Apple” of thyroid cartilage

- palpable in midline of neck

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10
Q

Thyroid cartilage

A
  • C4 vertebrae = the tip of it
  • hyoid bone is superior
  • cricoid cartilage is inferior
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11
Q

Thyrohyoid membrane

A

Hyoid to thryoid cartilage

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12
Q

Cricothyroid Ligament

A

Thyroid membrane to cricoid cartilage

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13
Q

Cricoid cartilage

A
  • C6 vertebrae
  • thyroid cartilage is superior
  • tracheal ring is inferior
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14
Q

Joints of neck

A
  • atlantoocipital joint

* atlantoaxial joint

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15
Q

Atlantoocipital Joint

A
  • occipital condyles - superior
  • atlas - inferior
  • Tectorial membrane - anterior

*** nodding of head

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16
Q

Atlantoaxial joint

A
  • “No joint”
  • Between C1 and C2
  • has 2 zygapophyseal joints
  • has transverse ligament of atlas AND alar ligaments -> resist dislocation of dens
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17
Q

Superficial muscles of neck

A
  • platysma
  • trapezius
  • sternocleidomastoid
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18
Q

Platysma attachments

A

skin over mandible, neck, and clavicle

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19
Q

Platysma actions

A

wrinkle skin of neck

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20
Q

Platysma innervation

A

Facial nerve = Cranial Nerve VII

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21
Q

Muscles of facial expression

A

close the openings of mouth, nose, and eyes

* Facial Nerve = Cranial Nerve VII

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22
Q

Trapezius attachments

A

Proximal: spinous process and base of skull

Distal: spine of scapula, acromion process, and clavicle

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23
Q

Trapezius actions

A

scapular movements

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24
Q

Trapezius innervation

A

Accessory Nerve = Cranial Nerve XI

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25
Q

Sternocleidomastoid attachements

A

Proximal: Manubrium
of Sternum and Clavicle
Distal: Mastoid Process

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26
Q

Sternocleidomastoid actions

A 
Unilateral: Rotation of
Head to opposite side,
move ear towards
shoulder
Bilateral: Flexion of
Neck
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27
Q

Sternocleidomastoid innervation

A

Accessory Nerve = Cranial Nerve XI

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28
Q

Anterior Deep Neck Muscles

A
  • Longus Capitis

* Longus Coli

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29
Q

Anterior Deep Neck Muscles Actions

A

Head and neck flexion

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30
Q

Anterior Deep Neck Muscles Innervation

A

Ventral Rami of Cervical Spinal Nerves

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31
Q

Posterior Deep Neck Muscles

A
  • Semispinalis

* Splenius

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32
Q

Anterior Deep Neck Muscles Attachments

A

Vertebral bodiees and Transverse Processes

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33
Q

Posterior Deep Neck Muscles Actions

A

Head and Neck extension

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34
Q

Posterior Deep Neck Muscles Innervation

A

Ventral Rami of Cervical Spinal Nerves

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35
Q

Lateral Deep Neck Muscles

A 
* Anterior, Middle
and Posterior
Scalenes
* Levator
Scapulae (LS)
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36
Q

Lateral Deep Neck Muscles Attachments

A

Transverse Processes,

Ribs, and Scapula (LS)

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37
Q

Lateral Deep Neck Muscles Actions

A

Lateral Bending of

Head and Neck

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38
Q

Lateral Deep Neck Muscles Innervation

A 
* Ventral Rami
of Cervical
Spinal Nerves
* Dorsal
Scapular
Nerve (LS)
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39
Q

Suprahyoid Muscles Actions

A
  • Elevate hyoid bone and voice box
  • shorten pharynx and close of larynx during early stages of swallowing
  • high notes
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40
Q

Infrahyoid Muscle Actions

A
  • Depress hyoid bone and voice box

* low notes

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41
Q

Simultaneous contraction of the hyoid

muscles

A

helps steady the hyoid bone and provides a stable platform for the tongue to move upon

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42
Q

Suprahyoid Muscles

A
  • Stylohyoid
  • Posterior Belly of Digastric
  • Anterior Belly of Digasric
  • Mylohyoid
  • Geniohyoid
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43
Q

Stylohyoid Attachments

A
  • styloid process

* hyoid

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44
Q

Stylohyoid Innervation

A

Facial Nerve = Cranial Nerve VII

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45
Q

Posterior Belly of Digastric Attachments

A
  • Mastoid Process

* Hyoid

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46
Q

Posterior Belly of Digastric Innervation

A

Facial Nerve = Cranial Nerve VII

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47
Q

Stylohyoid action

A

Elevate hyoid bone and voice box

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48
Q

Posterior Belly of Digastric

A

Elevate hyoid bone and voice box

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49
Q

Anterior Belly of Digastric Action

A

Elevate hyoid bone and voice box

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50
Q

Anterior Belly of Digastric Attachments

A
  • Hyoid

* Mandible

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51
Q

Anterior Belly of Digastric Innervation

A

Nerve to

Mylohyoid

52
Q

Mylohyoid Innervation

A

Nerve to

Mylohyoid

53
Q

Mylohyoid Attachments

A
  • Hyoid

* Mandible

54
Q

Mylohyoid Actions

A

Elevate hyoid bone and voice box

55
Q

Geniohyoid Attachments

A
  • Hyoid

* Mandible

56
Q

Geniohyoid Actions

A

Elevate hyoid bone and voice box

57
Q

Geniohyoid Innervation

A

C1 ventral ramus

58
Q

Muscles attaching to mandible and hyoid

A
  • anterior belly of digastric
  • mylohyoid
  • geniohyoid
59
Q

Infrahyoid Muscles

A
  • omohyoid
  • sternohyoid
  • sternothyroid
  • thyrohyoid
60
Q

Omohyoid Attachments

A
  • hyoid

* scapula

61
Q

Omohyoid Actions

A

depress hyoid bone and voice box

62
Q

Omohyoid Innervation

A

Ansa Cervicalis

63
Q

sternohyoid attachments

A
  • hyoid

* scapula

64
Q

sternohyoid actions

A

depress hyoid bone and voice box

65
Q

sternohyoid innervation

A

Ansa Cervicalis

66
Q

sternothyroid attachments

A
  • thyroid cartilage

* hyoid

67
Q

sternohyoid actions

A

depress hyoid bone and voice box

68
Q

sternohyoid innervation

A

C1 ventral ramus

69
Q

Purpose of Deep Cervical Fascia

A
  • natural cleavage planes for surgery
  • facilitates movement
    of visceral structures
  • contains and facilitates the spread of infectious pus
70
Q

Organization of Deep Cervical Fascia

A
  • Investing layer
  • Prevertebral layer
  • Pretracheal layer
71
Q

Investing layer

A

surrounds the entire neck and encloses both the prevertebral and pretracheal layers

72
Q

Pretracheal layer

A 
* surrounds the trachea,
thyroid gland and continues posteriorly
as the buccopharyngeal fascia covering
the pharynx and esophagus
* creates viscerla compartment
73
Q

What creates the visceral compartment

A

Pretracheal layer

74
Q

Prevertebral Fascia

A
  • surrounds the deep neck muscles and the vertebral column
75
Q

Investing Layer attachments

A
  • Superficially: skull
  • Inferiorly: sternum, clavicle, and scapula
  • Posteriorly: spinous process, splits to enclose trapezius muscle, sternocleidomastoid, and infrahyoid muscles
76
Q

Investing Layer Vessels

A
  • External Jugular Vein

* Cervical Nerve

77
Q

Prevertebral Layer Attachements

A
  • Posteriorly: spinous process
  • superficial to: scalene muscles
  • anteriorly becomes continuous with anterior longitudinal ligament
  • fascial floor of posterior triangle
  • elongates laterally by subclavian artery and parts of the brachail plexus forming ultimately the axillary sheath
78
Q

Axillary sheath formed by what layer

A

Prevertebral layer

79
Q

Carotid Sheath

A

neurovascular
compartment formed in part by the
pretracheal, prevertebral and investing layers of fascia

80
Q

Carotid sheath vessels

A 
*  common carotid
artery
* internal jugular vein
* vagus nerve
* lymph nodes
81
Q

What layer is the External Jugular Vein in

A

Investing layer

82
Q

What layer is the Cervical Nerve in

A

Investing layer

83
Q

What layer is the common carotid artery in

A

Carotid Sheath

84
Q

What layer is the internal jugular vein in

A

Carotid Sheath

85
Q

What layer is the vagus nerve in

A

Carotid Sheath

86
Q

What layer are the lymph nodes in

A

Carotid Sheath

87
Q

Retropharyngeal Space location

A

Anterior border: Buccopharyngeal Fascia

Posterior border: Prevertebral Fascia

  • extends throughout the neck into the thorax
88
Q

Retropharyngeal Space Importance

A
  • can facilitate the spread of infectious pus
89
Q

Buccopharyngeal fascia location

A

posterior part of pretracheal

90
Q

Subclavian Artery supplies what parts of the body and location

A
  • Deep neck, shoulder, and brain

* posterior triangle

91
Q

Right and Left subclavian arteries

A

anastomose with each other and with branches of the external carotid artery

92
Q

List the branches of the subclavian artery

A

1) Vertebral Artery
2) Thryocervical Trunk
3) Costocervical Trunk

93
Q

Branches of Thyrocervical Trunk

A
  • Inferior Thyroid A.
  • Transverse Cervical A.
  • Suprascapular A.
94
Q

Vertebral Artery supplies

A
  • deep neck
  • brain
  • spinal cord
95
Q

Thyrocervical Trunk supplies

A
  • deep neck
  • shoulder
  • thyroid gland
96
Q

Costocervical Trunk supplies

A
  • Deep Neck

* Posterior Intercostal Spaces

97
Q

Cervical Arteries

A

Subclavian Artery and External Carotid Artery

98
Q

External Carotid Artery

A
  • branches from the common carotid artery at C4 vertebral body
  • medial branch
  • anterior triangle
  • branches into neck and face
99
Q

C4 important sensory structures

A

Carotid body

Carotid sinus

100
Q

Carotid body

A
  • lies within the crotch of the bifurcation of the common carotid artery
  • contains chemoreceptors that monitor O2 and CO2 content of the blood
  • if levels are not right, sends signals to lungs and heart
  • Cranial Nerve IX monitors most of this
  • innervated by Glossopharyngeal N and Vagus N
101
Q

Carotid sinus

A
  • dilation of the wall of the internal carotid artery at the bifurcation
  • contains pressoreceptors (barorecptors) that monitor blood pressure
  • if pressure is too low, heart rate increases
  • if pressure is too high, heart rate decreases
  • if you push too long, person will faint because you have less pressure once flat on the ground
  • massage carotid sinus to manage elevated heart rate
  • innervated by Glossopharyngeal N and Vagus N
102
Q

Internal Carotid

A
  • bifurcates at C4

* goes into the skull

103
Q

Right and Left External Carotids anastomose with

A

each other and branches of the subclavian A.

104
Q

Cervical Branches of the External Carotid Artery

A
  • Superior Thyroid A -> Superior Laryngeal A.
  • Ascending Pharyngeal A.
  • Occipital A.
  • Lingual A.
  • Facial A.
105
Q

Superior Thyroid A. supplies

A

thyroid gland

larynx

106
Q

Ascending Pharyngeal A. supplies

A

pharynx
deep neck
face

107
Q

Occipital A supplies

A

posterior deep neck

scalp

108
Q

Lingual A supplies

A

oral cavity

109
Q

Facial A supplies

A

face

110
Q

major veins of head and neck

A

Internal and External Jugular Veins

111
Q

Internal Jugular Vein

A
  • begins at the external
    opening of the jugular
    foramen where it drains dural venous blood
  • in the carotid sheath
  • receives tributaries from both superficial and deep veins
  • ends inferiorly by joining the subclavian vein to form the brachiocephalic vein
112
Q

External Jugular Vein

A

. The

  • begins at the union of the posterior auricular and retromandibular veins
  • drains superficial structures of the face, neck and scalp
  • crosses the posterior cervical triangle within the superficial fascia and pierces the investing fascia to drain into the subclavian vein
113
Q

Types of nerves in neck

A
  • rami of cervical spinal nerves
  • cranial nerves
  • sympathetic trunk
114
Q

Cervical Spinal Nerves

A
  • Dorsal Rami innervate deep posterior neck muscles

* Ventral Rami form Cervical Plexus and Brachial Plexus

115
Q

Cervical Plexus

A
  • consists of ventral rami from C1 to C4
  • form sensory nerves of neck
  • from ansa cervicalis
116
Q

Ansa Cervicalis N.

A

supplies motor innervation to infrahyoid muscles

117
Q

Phrenic N

A
  • formed in neck from C3-C5 ventral rami

* located anterior to anterior scalene muscles

118
Q

Cranial Nerves in Neck

A

9-12

119
Q

Sympathetic Trunk

A
  • located within retropharyngeal space, posterior to carotid sheath
  • contains 3 ganglia:
    1) Stellate Ganglion
    2) Middle Cervical Ganglion
    3) Superior Cervical Ganglion
120
Q

Stellate Ganglion

A
  • formed by the fusion of first thoracic ganglion and inferior cervical ganglion
  • connected to T1 ventral ramus via both white and gray rami communicantes and to C7/C8 ventral rami via gray communicantes
121
Q

Middle Cervical Ganglion

A
  • connected to C5/C6 ventral rami via gray communicantes
122
Q

Superior Cervical Ganglion

A
  • connected to C1-C4 ventral rami via gray rami communicantes
123
Q

Internal Carotid Nerve

A
  • superior to Superior Cervical Ganglion

* forms a plexus on the internal carotid artery

124
Q

Location of the postganglionic sympathetic neurons that supply head

A

Superior Cervical Ganglion

125
Q

Lymphatic Drainage of the Head and Neck

A
  • Primary route = via
    deep cervical nodes
    that are located along the internal jugular
    vein
  • These nodes drain into the jugular lymph
    trunks -> right lymphatic duct and the thoracic
    duct -> venous system at the union of the
    internal
    jugular vein and subclavian vein
126
Q

Blood supply to thyroid and parathyroid glands

A

inferior and superior thyroid arteries

127
Q

connection of the 2 lobes of the thyroid gland

A

isthmus

Structure and Function (4 decks)

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