Comparisons Flashcards
Archaeal traits
Lack peptidoglycan
Cell membrane consists of isoprene monolayer with ether-linked lipids
Monooxygenase vs dioxygenase
In the monooxygenases, only a single atom of dioxygen is incorporated into a substrate with the other being reduced to a water molecule.
The dioxygenases catalyze the oxidation of a substrate without the reduction of one oxygen atom from dioxygen into a water molecule
Type I vs type II methanotrophs
- Type I methanotrophs are part of the Gammaproteobacteria and they use the RuMP pathway to assimilate carbon.
- Type II methanotrophs are part of the Alphaproteobacteria and utilize the Serine pathway of carbon assimilation.
Thermoplasma vs Mycoplasma
Both lack cell walls
Thermoplasma: Cell membrane contains tetraester lipoglycans
Mycoplasma: plasma membrane contains sterols and lipoglycans
Thermoplasma vs Picrophilus
Both acidophiles
Thermoplasma thermophilic
Picrophilus no thermophilic
Nitrospira vs nitrobacter
Nitrospira: ammonia oxidizer
Nitrobacter: nitrate oxidizer
Bdellovibrio vs Myxobacteria
Both prey on bacteria
Bdellovibrio invade host Cell
Myxobacteria lyse host cells from outside
Nitrogen fixation
A process by which nitrogen in the earths atmosphere is converted to ammonia and other molecules important to organisms
Swiss cheese
Propionibacteria
Acetogens
Struck anaerobes that reduce CO2 to acetate
Anammox
Require anaerobic conditions
Prosthecae
Cytoplasmic extrusions found in bacteria
Elementary body
Non-multiplying cells specialized for infectious transmission
Cyclic vs non-cyclic phosphorylation
Non-Cyclic: electrons do not cycle back to reduce the oxidized P680, but instead are used in the reduction of NADP+
Cyclic: uses photo system I, electrons cycle back. This process produces no NADPH and no O2, but it does make ATP
When noncyclic phosphorylation occurs
When reducing power in oxygen in phosphorylation is low
If reducing power is high, cyclic phosphorylation occurs
Cardinal temps
Minimum - CM fluid enough
Optimum
Maximum- above which growth impossible
Mixed acid fermenters vs Butanediol fermenters
Butanediol: (E. coli) -more CO2 than H2 produced -Small quantities of acids Mixed acid: (Enterobacter) -No butanediol -Small quantities of Ethanol, CO2 and H2 -Considerable more acidic (succinic, lactic, acetic acids)
Planctomyces vs Caulobacter
Planktomyces: stalk consists of protein and is narrower
Caulobacter: stalk filled with cytoplasm and is a Prosthecae
Division by budding
Oxidation of ammonia to hydroxyalamine
Ammonia monooxygenase
Oxidation of hydroxyamine
Hudroxylamine oxidoreductase
Oxidation of nitrate
Nitrate oxidoreductase
Acetic acid industrial applications
Vinegar
Cosmetics
Paper
Baterialchlorophyll
Anoxygenic photosynthesis
Biochemical oxygen demand
Amount of dissolved oxygen consumed by microbes to completely oxidize all organic and inorganic matter in a water sample
Efficiency of treatment is measure in term of reduction in BOD
Goal: to reduce all organic/inorganic minerals and to reduce potentially toxic minerals.
Methods of reduction of microbial numbers in water supply
Disinfection
Sterilization
Decontamination
Inhibition
Si importance
Key component of diatoms extracellular skeletons
What 2 purposes are inorganic compounds oxidized by chemolithotrophs
To obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds
to obtain reducing power
