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Psychology - Approaches > Comparison of Approaches > Flashcards

Comparison of Approaches Flashcards

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1
Q

Views on development - psychodynamic approach

A
  • psychodynamic approach provides the most logical theory for child development
  • ties concepts of psychosexual stages determined by age
  • there is, however, minimal development was seen past the genital stage in teen years
  • most of these theories and concepts are also based off case studies, studying one or a few people, and making universal assumptions
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2
Q

Views on development - cognitive approach

A
  • provides some info about child development

- intellectual growth is characterised by schemas becoming increasingly complex as children get older

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3
Q

Views on development - biological approach

A
  • maturation is emphasised in the biological approach as an important principle with genetic change in the physiological status affecting behaviour
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4
Q

Views on development - humanistic approach

A
  • emphasises development of self ongoing throughout a person’s life
  • parent-child relationship is key in determining the child’s psychological health in later life
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5
Q

Views on development - SLT/behaviourist approach

A
  • these approaches give no coherent stages, but the process of learning is through to be continuous and occurring throughout development
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6
Q

Nature v. nurture - SLT/behaviourist approach

A
  • suggest that all behaviour comes from our environment
  • behaviourism: reinforcement and associations
  • SLT: modelling and imitation
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7
Q

Nature v. nurture - biological approach

A
  • believes that our behaviour is solely decide by our genetic make-up
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8
Q

Nature v. nurture - psychodynamic approach

A
  • Freud believes that genetic play a significant role, with much of our behaviour being governed by biological drives and instincts, but she also saw child-parent relationships as playing a very important role in future development
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9
Q

Nature v. nurture- humanistic approach

A
  • environment plays a role in a person’s self-concept, with parents, friends and society having a critical impact
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10
Q

Nature v. nurture - cognitive approach

A
  • info processing abilities and our schemas are innate, but also that they are being developed and built up through environmental experiences
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11
Q

Reductionism v. holism - behaviourist approach

A
  • breaks down complex behaviour into testable chunks for lab testing
  • reductionist
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12
Q

Reductionism v. holism - biological approach

A
  • explains behaviour and psychological states based upon genes and neurons
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13
Q

Reductionism

A
  • the belief that human behaviour can be explained most effectively by breaking it down into separate parts
  • opposite to holism
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14
Q

Holism

A
  • believes that observing interaction and interplay of different factors is the best way to understand any phenomenon
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15
Q

Reductionism v. holism - psychodynamic approach

A
  • behaviour is seen as being influenced by biological instincts and sexual drives
  • however, the dynamic interaction between id, ego and superego is a somewhat holistic explanation
  • partially reductionist
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16
Q

Reductionism v. holism - cognitive approach

A
  • likens people to computers, with processing info while ignoring any influence of emotion on behaviour, or any other
  • reductionist
17
Q

Reductionism v. holism - SLT

A
  • similar to behaviourism, reducing complex learning
  • but also places emphasis on factors which mediate learning, such as external influences
  • partially holistic
18
Q

Reductionism v. holism - humanistic approach

A
  • the only approach supporting the idea of holism for understanding human behaviour, investigating all aspects of the individual
19
Q

Determinism v. free will - behaviourist approach

A
  • sees all behaviour as resulting from external factors out of our control
  • hard determinism
20
Q

Determinism v. free will - biological approach

A
  • sees all behaviour as resulting from biological factors out of our control
  • genetic determinism
  • hard determinism
21
Q

Determinism v. free will - psychodynamic approach

A
  • behaviour is driven by unconscious mind, then rationalised by our conscious mind
  • psychic determinism
  • hard determinism
22
Q

Determinism v. free will - cognitive approach

A
  • we chose our own thoughts and behaviour, but only within the confines of what we know and past experiences
  • soft determinism
23
Q

Determinism v. free will - SLT

A
  • we are influence by our environment as well as exerting influence upon it
  • reciprocal determinism
  • soft determinism
24
Q

Determinism v. free will - humanistic psychology

A
  • argues that humans have free will, operating actively to determine our own development
  • free will
25
Q

Idiographic v. nomothetic - behaviourist approach

A
  • creates universal laws since behaviour is the result of stimulus-response associations
  • nomothetic
26
Q

Idiographic

A
  • focuses on recognition of uniqueness
  • uses subjective experiences
  • based on study of individuals
27
Q

Nomothetic

A
  • attempts to generalise people
  • uses objective knowledge
  • creates universal laws that apply to all
28
Q

Idiographic v. nomothetic - biological approach

A
  • creates universal laws since humans share similar genetics and physiologies
  • nomothetic
29
Q

Idiographic v. nomothetic - SLT

A
  • attempts to establish general laws of behaviour

- nomothetic

30
Q

Idiographic v. nomothetic - cognitive approach

A
  • attempts to establish general laws of processing, but uses idiographic approach with case studies
  • mostly nomothetic
31
Q

Idiographic v. nomothetic- psychodynamic approach

A
  • attempts to establish general laws based off idiographic data, from case studies with one or a few individuals
  • idiographic and nomothetic
32
Q

Idiographic v. nomothetic

A
  • focuses on subjective experience of individuals
  • makes no attempt to establish general laws
  • idiographic

Psychology - Approaches (9 decks)

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