Comparison Of Approaches Flashcards
Behaviourism - nature vs nurture
Nurture - behaviour is learnt through experience
Behaviourism - holism vs reductionism
Environmental reductionism.
All behaviour explained in simple terms of stimulus/ response links
Behaviourism - free will vs determinism
Environmental determinism
All behaviour is a result of classical and operant conditioning, where we have no conscious insight into our behaviour
Behaviourism - explanation of mental disorders
Caused by associations made between the unconditioned and neutral stimulus and maintenance through operant conditioning
Avoidance behaviour in OCD is negatively reinforced.
SLT - nature vs nurture
Nurture - Behaviour is learnt through the observation and imitation of an identified role model within a social context.
SLT - holism vs reductionism
Reductionist - behaviour can be explained in terms of classical conditioning, operant conditioning and vicarious reinforcement.
SLT - free will vs determinism
Reciprocal determinism - we operate on the environment but the environment in turn operates on us
SLT - explanation of mental disorders
Caused by the observation and imitation of inappropriate role models using the 4 mediational processes (attention, retention, motor reproduction and motivation). The role model is seen as particularly desirable.
Cognitive - nature vs nurture
Mostly nurture - Babies born with select few innate schemas but develop more sophisticated schemas as we get older
Cognitive - reductionism vs holism
Reductionist - view that behaviour can be explained in terms of influence of schemas
Cognitive - determinism vs free will
Soft determinism - we are free to make conscious decisions and reason within the limits of what we know
Cognitive - explanation of mental disorder
Faulty schemas generated through experiences leading to perceptual errors and sensory stimuli distortions
