comparison of approaches Flashcards
behaviourist and slt
SIMILARITIES
both explain how behaviour is influenced and caused by reinforcement, the behaviourist approach focuses on cc and oc to repeat a desirable behaviour, and slt focuses on vicarious reinforcement
they both recognise the impact of the environment (nurture) on behaviour
behaviourist and slt
DIFFERENCES
behaviourist approach rejects thinking patterns for learning, it assumes that humans respond to conditioning via a stimulus-response loop. slt however recognises that humans have a thought process in learning and behaviour
behaviourist and cognitive
SIMILARITIES
behaviourist uses and emphasises the importance of scientific methods like lab experiments and animal research. cognitive approach studies internal mental processes scientifically and uses scientific methods of investigation
behaviourist and cognitive
DIFFERENCES
behaviourist only studies external directly observable behaviour. cognitive however studies internal mental processes via inference
behaviourist and biological
SIMILARITIES
behaviourist is environmentally reductionist, it breaks down behaviour into stimulus-response associations. bio is biologically reductionist, it breaks down behaviour into biological structures/processes
both utilise scientific methods of investigation
both are nomothetic, creating universal laws
behaviourist and biological
DIFFERENCES
behaviourist states we are born a blank slate (tabula rasa) and that behaviour is the result of learning, it takes the nurture approach. whereas biological states behaviour is the result of innate biological factors that we are born with, it takes the nature approach
behaviourist and psychodynamic
SIMILARITIES
behaviourist is environmentally deterministic, it states behaviour is learnt via conditioning and stimulus-response loops we can’t control (no free will). psychodynamic is psychically deterministic, it states behaviour is due to unconscious drives and early childhood experiences we can’t control (no free will)
behaviourist and psychodynamic
DIFFERENCES
behaviourist relies on scientific methods like lab experiments and animal research. whereas psychodynamic refers to concepts and theories that cannot be scientifically and objectively tested/measured, instead relying on subjective interpretation
behaviourist and humanistic
SIMILARITIES
behaviourist claims all humans are born a blank slate (tabula rasa) and that behaviour is learnt via the environment and conditioning, it takes the nature approach. humanistic states behaviour is influenced by the environment as humans aim to achieve self-actualisation
behaviourist and humanistic
DIFFERENCES
behaviourist is environmentally reductionist, it breaks down behaviour into stimulus-response associations. whereas humanistic is holistic and focuses on all aspects of human behaviour/interaction
slt and cognitive
SIMILARITIES
they both take a soft deterministic approach. slt states behaviour is controlled by external forces (e.g. modelling), but accepts that humans have free choice and personal responsibility. cognitive states behaviour is controlled by mediational processes, but humans can make conscious decisions within their cognitive systems
slt and cognitive
DIFFERENCES
slt states behaviour is learnt via observation, imitation and vicarious reinforcement (nurture). whereas cognitive uses some concepts that are influenced by the environment, it also recognises the biological nature of information processing (nature and nurture)
slt and biological
SIMILARITIES
both take a nomothetic approach. slt establishes general laws of behaviour based on the idea that all humans have similar/shared processes for learning. biological also establishes universal laws based on the idea that all humans share a common physiology and biochemistry
slt and biological
DIFFERENCES
slt claims that behaviour is the result of observation, imitation and reinforcement (nurture). whereas biological claims behaviour is due to internal biological mechanisms like hormones and neurotransmitters that we are born with (nature)
slt and psychodynamic
SIMILARITIES
slt takes a soft determism stance, stating behaviour is controlled by external forces (e.g. modelling), but accepts that humans have free choice and personal responsibility. psychodynamic is psychically deterministic, stating behaviour is determined by unconscious drives and early childhood experiences
slt and psychodynamic
DIFFERENCES
slt relies on scientific methods to examine observable behaviour. whereas psychodynamic examines concepts and theories that cannot be scientifically tested, instead relying on subjective interpretation
slt and humanistic
SIMILARITIES
slt claims behaviour is learnt from observation, imitation and reinforcement (nurture). humanistic states behaviour is shaped by the environment as humans aim to achieve self actualisation (mainly nurture)
slt and humanistic
DIFFERENCES
slt takes a soft determinism approach, stating behaviour is controlled by external forces (e.g. modelling), but accepts that humans have free choice and personal responsibility. whereas humanistic claims humans have complete free will and have the power to control their own environment and are capable of change
cognitive and biological
SIMILARITIES
cognitive takes an experimentally reductionist approach, focusing on cognitions and ignoring factors like emotions and motivation. biological takes a biologically reductionist approach, breaking down behaviour into biological structures and ignoring social and psychological factors
cognitive and biological
DIFFERENCES
cognitive recognises that concepts such as schemas are influenced by environmental experiences (nurture). whereas biological claims behaviour is the result of innate biological structures (nature)
cognitive and psychodynamic
SIMILARITIES
both have real world applications. cognitive research and its focus on understanding internal mental processes has helped to develop cbt which is used to treat mental illnesses like depression. psychodynamic led to the development of psychoanalysis to explore the unconscious mind
cognitive and psychodynamic
DIFFERENCES
cognitive utilises scientific methods of research such as lab experiments and scanning techniques. whereas psychodynamic examines concepts and theories that cannot be scientifically tested and instead relies on subjective interpretation
cognitive focuses on info processing, neglecting emotional factors. whereas psychodynamic focuses on the unconscious mind and the impact of traumatic and emotional experiences
cognitive and humanistic
SIMILARITIES
both have real-world applications. cognitive research and its focus on understanding internal mental processes has helped to develop cbt which is used to treat mental illnesses like depression. humanistic’s focus on self-actualisation led to client-centered therapy
cognitive and humanistic
DIFFERENCES
cognitive utilises scientific methods of research such as lab experiments and scanning techniques. whereas humanistic rejects scientific methods as a way of studying behaviour
biological and psychodynamic
SIMILARITIES
both have real-world applications. biological helped to develop drug therapies for illnesses like depression, ocd and schizophrenia through research into neurotransmitters. psychoanalysis led to the development of psychoanalysis which is used to access and treat traumatic memories repressed in the unconscious mind
biological and psychodynamic
DIFFERENCES
biological relies on and promotes the use of scientific methods of measuring internal mechanisms, such as scanning techniques. whereas psychodynamic examines concepts and theories that cannot be scientifically tested and instead relies on subjective interpretation
biological and humanistic
SIMILARITIES
both have real-world applications. biological helped to develop drug therapies for illnesses like depression, ocd and schizophrenia through research into neurotransmitters. humanistic’s focus on self-actualisation led to client-centered therapy
biological and humanistic
DIFFERENCES
biological takes a biologically reductionist approach, breaking down human behaviour into biological structures and processes. whereas humanistic takes a holistic approach, focusing on all aspects of human behaviour.
psychodynamic and humanistic
SIMILARITIES
psychodynamic examines concepts and theories that cannot be scientifically tested and instead relies on subjective interpretation. humanistic rejects scientific methods as a way of studying behaviour
psychodynamic and humanistic
DIFFERENCES
psychodynamic is psychically deterministic, claiming behaviour is determined by early childhood experiences and unconscious drives. whereas humanistic claims all humans have free will and complete control over their choices and behaviour
