Comparison Of A Approaches Flashcards
What are the 5 things to include in your comparison of approaches?
- Explanation of behaviour.
AO3 - Link to the issues and debates.
- Is it scientific or is it non-scientific?
- How would this approach explain mental illness?
- How would this approach treatment illness?
What are the issues and debates of behaviourism?
Determinism – has environmental determinism because believes that behaviour is due to a stimulus response and not genetics.
Nurture: believe in babies being born with a blank slate
Reductionist: ignores mental processes focuses on learning
Nomothetic: studies learning through general principles like classical conditioning and operant conditioning
Scientific: uses lab studies and observable behaviour
What are the issues and debates of the biological approach?
Nature: focuses on the idea that behaviour is influenced by genetics
Deterministic: it suggests that behaviour is determined by biological factors such as genetics
Reductionist: it reduces complex human behaviour to biological factors
Scientific: uses objective quantifiable methods like brain scans
Nomothetic: because it aims to find general law and principles apply to all humans
What are the issues and debate of the cognitive approach?
Nature and nature: an interaction between them they believe behaviour is influenced by mental processes and environmental factors
Soft determinism: recognising influences by mental processes but still have some level of control over behaviour
Reductionist: produces behaviour into cognitive processes
Scientific: because it is controlled and relies on laboratory
No thetic establishes general general principles of cognitive processes
What are the strengths and weaknesses of nature?
Supported by research like twin studies
Ignores environmental factors
What are the strengths and weaknesses of nurture?
Can need to practical applications such as behavioural therapy
May overlook biological influences
What are the strengths and weaknesses of free will?
Promotes personal responsibility and motivation
Difficult to scientifically test lacks and parental evidence
What are the strengths and weaknesses of determinism?
Allows for prediction and control
Can be to fatalism and neglect personal responsibility
What are the strengths and weaknesses of holism?
More comprehensive acknowledges the complexity of human behaviour
Harder to test scientifically and less practical
What are the strengths and weaknesses of reductionism?
Scientific focused easy to test
Oversimplifies behaviour and may ignore important factors
What are the strengths and weaknesses of ideographic?
Provide a deep detailed understanding of individuals
Less scientific and harder to generalise
What are the strengths and weaknesses of nomothetic?
Scientific and generalisable
Overlook individual differences
What are the issues and debate of the psychodynamic approach?
Nature and nature: Freud believed behaviour is influenced by innate instincts but shaped by early childhood experiences
Deterministic: suggest behaviour is largely shaped by unconscious desires and repressed memories and childhood experience
Holistic: view human behaviour as the result of interaction between various factors
Non-scientific: concepts are difficult to measure and test empirically
Ideographic: focuses on individuals unique experience particularly early childhood experiences and conscious conflicts
What are the issues and debates of the humanistic approach?
Nurture: emphasise importance of individuals experience
Free will: humans have the capacity for personal growth and self actualisation
Holistic: focuses on the whole person and subjective experience
Non-scientific: emphasis on subjective experience which is difficult to subjectively measure
Ideographic: focuses on the individuals, unique experiences
How would the behaviourist approach apply to mental illness (explanation and treatment)?
The two process model explanation to phobias
Systematic desensitisation and flooding
How would you apply social learning theory to mental illness?
Possible impulse control issues in aggression
To ken economies which involve learning social skills and vicarious reinforcement
How would you apply the cognitive approach theory to mental illness?
Depression is due to faulty information processing and negative self schema
Cognitive behavioural therapy which seeks to challenger rational thoughts
How would you apply the biological approach to mental illness?
Impact of imbalance neurotransmitters fluctuation of hormones and Dysfunctional genes
Drug therapy such as SSRI
How would you apply the psychodynamic approach to mental illness?
OCD as an unconscious conflict and repressed emotions manifesting obsessive and compulsive behaviour
Uncover underlying unconscious conflict
How would you apply humanistic approach to mental illness?
Conditions of worth is imposed by parents have blocked happiness
Using unconditional positive regard and personal growth
Give a very brief explanation of the behaviourist approach
Focused on observable behaviour that is learned through classical conditioning and operant conditioning
Give a very brief explanation of the psychodynamic approach
Focuses on unconscious drives and early experiences suggesting that unresolved conflicts, shape behaviour and mental health issues
Give a brief explanation of the biological approach
Explains behaviour through genetics brain structure and neuro chemistry
Give a brief explanation of the humanistic approach
Focuses on personal growth and self actualisation emphasises the importance of an individual subjective experience
Give a brief outline of the cognitive approach
Focuses on mental processes like perception memory and problem-solving suggest behaviour is influence by how we process information
