Comparing Flashcards
What is the behaviourist approach to views on development?
The processes that underpin learning are continuous, occurring at any age.
What is the social learning approach to views on development?
Same as behaviourism
What is the cognitive approach to views on development?
Stage theories of child development, particularly the idea of concept formation as child gets older.
What is the biological approach to the views of development?
Genetically determined maturational changes influence behaviour, e.g. Cognitive/ intellectual development.
What is the psychodynamic approach to the views on development?
The most coherent theory of development, trying concepts and processes to age related stages.
What is the humanistic approach to views on attachment?
The development of the self is ongoing throughout life.
What is the behaviourist approach to nature vs nurture?
Babies are blank slates at birth. All behaviour comes about through learned associations and reinforcements.
What is the social learning theory approach to nature vs nurture?
As for behaviourism with additional processes of observation and imitation.
What is the cognitive approach to nature vs nurture?
Recognises that many of our information-processing abilities are innate, but are constantly refined by experience.
What is the biological approach to nature vs nurture?
‘Anatomy is destiny’: behaviour stems from the genetic blueprint we inherit from our parents.
What is the psychodynamic approach to nature vs nurture?
It suggests that much of our behaviour is driven by biological drives and instincts, but also sees the child’s relationships with parents as crucial.
What is the humanistic approach to nature vs nurture?
It regards parents, friends and wider society as having a critical impact on the persons self-concept.
What is the behaviourist approach to reductionism?
Reduces complex learning into stimulus-response units for ease of testing in a controlled lab environment.
What is the social learning approach to reductionism?
Recognises how cognitive factors interact with the external environment.
What is the cognitive approach to reductionism?
Machine reductionism: use of the computer analogy and the fact it ignores human emotion.
What is the biological approach to reductionism?
It reduces and explains human behaviour at the level of the gene and neurone.
What is the psychodynamic approach to reductionism?
It reduces behaviour to the influence of biological drives and instincts, although sees personality as a dynamic, holistic interaction.
What is the humanistic approach to reductionism?
Anti-reductionist, based on holistic investigation of all aspects of the individual.
What is the behaviourist approach to determinism?
All behaviour is environmentally determined by external forces that we cannot control.
What is the social learning approach to determinism?
We are influenced by our environment and also exert some influence upon it (reciprocal determinism).
What is the cognitive approach to determinism?
Suggests we are the choosers of our own behaviour, but only within the limits of what we know (soft determinism).
What a the biological approach to determinism?
A form of genetic determinism, much of our behaviour is directed by innate influences.
What is the psychodynamic approach to determinism?
Unconscious forces drive our behaviour (psychic determinism) and these are rationalised by our conscious minds.
What is the humanistic approach to determinism?
Human beings have free will and are active agents who determine their own development.
