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Approaches To Psychology > Comparing > Flashcards

Comparing Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the behaviourist approach to views on development?

A

The processes that underpin learning are continuous, occurring at any age.

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2
Q

What is the social learning approach to views on development?

A

Same as behaviourism

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3
Q

What is the cognitive approach to views on development?

A

Stage theories of child development, particularly the idea of concept formation as child gets older.

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4
Q

What is the biological approach to the views of development?

A

Genetically determined maturational changes influence behaviour, e.g. Cognitive/ intellectual development.

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5
Q

What is the psychodynamic approach to the views on development?

A

The most coherent theory of development, trying concepts and processes to age related stages.

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6
Q

What is the humanistic approach to views on attachment?

A

The development of the self is ongoing throughout life.

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7
Q

What is the behaviourist approach to nature vs nurture?

A

Babies are blank slates at birth. All behaviour comes about through learned associations and reinforcements.

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8
Q

What is the social learning theory approach to nature vs nurture?

A

As for behaviourism with additional processes of observation and imitation.

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9
Q

What is the cognitive approach to nature vs nurture?

A

Recognises that many of our information-processing abilities are innate, but are constantly refined by experience.

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10
Q

What is the biological approach to nature vs nurture?

A

‘Anatomy is destiny’: behaviour stems from the genetic blueprint we inherit from our parents.

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11
Q

What is the psychodynamic approach to nature vs nurture?

A

It suggests that much of our behaviour is driven by biological drives and instincts, but also sees the child’s relationships with parents as crucial.

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12
Q

What is the humanistic approach to nature vs nurture?

A

It regards parents, friends and wider society as having a critical impact on the persons self-concept.

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13
Q

What is the behaviourist approach to reductionism?

A

Reduces complex learning into stimulus-response units for ease of testing in a controlled lab environment.

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14
Q

What is the social learning approach to reductionism?

A

Recognises how cognitive factors interact with the external environment.

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15
Q

What is the cognitive approach to reductionism?

A

Machine reductionism: use of the computer analogy and the fact it ignores human emotion.

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16
Q

What is the biological approach to reductionism?

A

It reduces and explains human behaviour at the level of the gene and neurone.

17
Q

What is the psychodynamic approach to reductionism?

A

It reduces behaviour to the influence of biological drives and instincts, although sees personality as a dynamic, holistic interaction.

18
Q

What is the humanistic approach to reductionism?

A

Anti-reductionist, based on holistic investigation of all aspects of the individual.

19
Q

What is the behaviourist approach to determinism?

A

All behaviour is environmentally determined by external forces that we cannot control.

20
Q

What is the social learning approach to determinism?

A

We are influenced by our environment and also exert some influence upon it (reciprocal determinism).

21
Q

What is the cognitive approach to determinism?

A

Suggests we are the choosers of our own behaviour, but only within the limits of what we know (soft determinism).

22
Q

What a the biological approach to determinism?

A

A form of genetic determinism, much of our behaviour is directed by innate influences.

23
Q

What is the psychodynamic approach to determinism?

A

Unconscious forces drive our behaviour (psychic determinism) and these are rationalised by our conscious minds.

24
Q

What is the humanistic approach to determinism?

A

Human beings have free will and are active agents who determine their own development.

25
Q

What is the behaviourist explanation and treatment of abnormal/atypical behaviour?

A

Abnormality arises from maladaptive or faulty learning. Behavioural therapists take a symptom based approach to the unlearning of behaviour.

26
Q

What is the social learning explanation and treatment of abnormal/atypical behaviour?

A

Principles such as modelling have been used to explain the development of aggressive behaviour.

27
Q

What is the cognitive explanation and treatment of abnormal/atypical behaviour?

A

Led to therapies such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) in the treatment of depression, which aims to eradicate faulty thinking.

28
Q

What is the biological explanation and treatment of abnormal/atypical behaviour?

A

Psychoactive drugs that regulate chemical imbalances in the brain have revolutionised the treatment of mental disorders.

29
Q

What is the psychodynamic explanation and treatment of abnormal/atypical behaviour?

A

Anxiety disorders emerge from unconscious conflicts and overuse of defence mechanisms. Psychoanalysis aims to put people in touch with their unconscious thoughts.

30
Q

What is the humanistic explanation and treatment of abnormal/atypical behaviour?

A

Humanistic therapy or counselling, is based on the idea that reducing incongruence will stimulate personal growth.

Approaches To Psychology (7 decks)

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