Compare/Contrast spoken mode text terminology

Question 1

Register

Answer 1

formality of a text (high/low frequency)

Question 2

Accents

Answer 2

dialect (area you live in)

Question 3

Agenda setting

Answer 3

speaker sets topic of conversation

Question 4

Turn taking

Answer 4

taking turns in speaking

Question 5

Adjacency pairs

Answer 5

two words/phrases that go together e.g. greeting+reply, questions and answer

Question 6

Back channeling

Answer 6

supportive terms e.g. ‘oh’ and ‘really’

Question 7

False starts

Answer 7

changing the conversation after starting

Question 8

Phatic communication

Answer 8

speech to maintain social relation e.g. ‘hi there’, ‘how are you’

Question 9

Bald-on-record

Answer 9

being blunt and direct e.g. ‘sit down’

Question 10

Idiolect

Answer 10

a person’s away own way of speaking

Question 11

Sociolect

Answer 11

variety of language that is related to the social

Question 12

Dialect

Answer 12

non-standard variety of language (lexis/grammer specific to region)

Question 13

Idiom

Answer 13

Common non-literal expression e.g. ‘I was dead on my feet’

Question 14

Euphemism

Answer 14

softening of a work to protect receivers positive face e.g. ‘let go’ instead of ‘fired’

Question 15

Dysphemism

Answer 15

unpleasant/derogatory terms e.g. ‘cunt’

Question 16

Prescriptivist

Answer 16

some forms of language are more valuable than others (standard English)

Question 17

Descriptivist

Answer 17

no judgement on forms of language

Question 18

Glottal stops

Answer 18

missing out letters in speech e.g. bu’‘er (butter)

Question 19

Hedging

Answer 19

forms of vagueness/informality e.g. ‘like’, ‘kind of’

Question 20

Fillers/pauses

Answer 20

slips, confusion, self correcting in sentences e.g. ‘um’

can be seen repeated

Question 21

Overt prestige

Answer 21

dialect used by a culturally powerful group e.g. politicians

Question 22

Covert prestige

Answer 22

high social status through the use non-standard English forms

Question 23

Grammar features?

Answer 23

• Incomplete minor sentences

- Simpler/compound sentences (rely on compound sentences with coordinated conjunctions)

Question 24

Lexical features?

Answer 24

• Slang/informal lexical choices
• High frequency lexis
• Low register
• ## Direct address with second person pronoun ‘you’

Question 25

Ellision

Answer 25

when words are joined together e.g. going to - gonna