Compare C&D behaviour Flashcards
norms, values, moral codes, definitions, acts, sanctions
What is a norm?
a specific rules that is socially accepted and is dependent on context (location, time) and social factors (age)
What is a value?
what people believe are right and wrong in society and are general guidelines
What is a moral code?
basic rules, values and principles held by society
Is wearing a uniform a norm or a value?
norm because it is dependent on context
Why is believing everyone should be treated equally and with respect a value?
not everyone believes that is the right thing to do in society e.g. homophobes don’t respect homosexuals
What is deviance?
behaviour that isn’t the norms and values of society
What is admired deviance?
behaviour that doesn’t conform but earns them admiration e.g. risking own life to save someone else’s e.g. firefighters in Twin Tower
What is odd deviance?
behaviour that challenges norms and values or behaviour that many wouldn’t do but not illegal e.g. talking to trees, wearing opposite sex clothes
What is bad deviance?
criminal behaviour and can change on era and situation e.g. homosexuality was illegal until 1969, murder but in war it’s accepted
What 2 elements does an action usually have to be considered a crime?
an actus rea (guilty act)
a mens rea (guilty mind)
What are the 2 exceptions of considering a crime a crime?
strict liability (mens rea not needed. owner is liable for failing to safeguard machines even if harm wasn’t intended)
self-defence (as long as actus rea was with reasonable force)
What are the 2 ways that a criminal act can be classified by?
the seriousness
their subject matter
What is the difference between a summary offence and an indictable offence?
summary is less serious e.g. speeding
indictable is more serious e.g. murder/rape
summary is tried by a magistrate
indictable is tried in a Crown court
Violence against a person, sexual offences, fraud, criminal damage, property offences, public order offences are … offences
indictable
Who can impose a formal sanction against deviance?
police, courts, schools and institutions
Is excluding a pupil from school and fining an offender for speeding a formal or informal sanction against deviance?
formal
What is the difference between a formal and informal sanction against deviance?
formal are formally written rules
informal aren’t formally written/ they’re unspoken
What is a custodial sentence?
imprisonment or detention in a young offenders’ institution for committing an indictable offence
this sentence length varies from days to life
How many years does a prisoner usually serve before being allowed to apply for parole during a life sentence?
15 years
What are some examples of a community sentence?
curfews, mandatory drug testing, Community payback, probation orders, fines, discharge
What is a discharge?
conditional: offender doesn’t commit a crime for a period but if they do they can be sentenced for both the original and new offences
unconditional: offender is guilty but punishment is inappropiate
Who does the sanctioning for minor/summary offences?
the police
What is a caution given by the police?
a warning for anyone aged 10+ and is usually given for first timer and minor offences (vandalism)
What can happen if you don’t accept a caution given by the police?
arrested and charged but not convicted
