Comparative Physiology Flashcards
What is comparative physiology?
Comparison of physiological attributes between and within levels of biological organisation to gain a better understanding about how individuals/populations function.
Why are plants important in comparative physiology?
- Oxygen
- Fuel
- Food
- Textiles
- Prescription and Non-prescription drugs
What are the research benefits to working with plants?
- Minimal ethical implications
- Easily accessible working materials
- Readily transformed to generate mutant lines
What are the different aspects of plant physiology?
- Phytochemistry
- Morphology
- Molecular and cellular biology
- Environmental interactions
- Cellular interactions
What is Phytochemistry?
The study of phytochemicals, which are chemicals derived from plants.
What is the concept “bottom-up”?
Looking at an organism in the order of:
Cells –> Tissues –> Organ –> Organ System –> Organism
What is the difference between plant cell wall and fungi cell wall?
Plant cell walls are made of cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin. Fungi cell walls are made of chitin.
What are characteristics of a plant cell wall?
It provides shape, rigidity, support and aids intercellular communication. Prevents excessive uptake of water. The plant cell in hypotonic solution can hold excess water and remains intact. However, animal cell in hypotonic solution swells and bursts.
What is Hypotonic solution?
Hypotonic solution is one in which the concentration of solutes is greater inside the cell than outside of it
What is a Hypertonic solution?
Hypertonic solution is one where the concertation` of solutes is greater outside the cell than inside it.
What are modifications to the plant cell wall which change the tissue?
The plant cell wall is embedded with:
- Lignin to provide support
- Suberin which is watertight
- Cutin which forms a waxy cuticle
What are a few features of the plant organs e.g. the vascular system?
The Xylem distributes water and dissolves minerals upwards through the plant.
Lignin stiffened to provide support.
Phloem carried food downward from the leaves to the roots.
What is the concept “top-down”?
Looking at an organism in the order:
Organism –> Organ System –> Organ –> Tissues –> Cells
What Tissues make up the stomach?
- Epithelial Tissue
- Connective Tissue
- Muscle Tissues
- Nervous Tissue
What is the function of Epithelial Tissue?
Form active interfaces with the environment and external nd internal surface.
What is the function of Connective Tissue?
Binds and supports other tissues.
What is the function of Muscle Tissues?
Contracts moving parts of the body.
What is the function of Nervous Tissue?
Transmits nerve impulses.
What is the function of Surface mucous cells?
Produce mucus to lubricate and protect.
What is the function of Parietal cells?
Secrete HCI.
What is the function of Chief cells?
Secrete digestive enzyme precursor.
The size of an animal affects which aspects?
Size affects all aspects of an animals:
- Physiology
- Behavior
- Ecology
What is the definition of scaling?
Structural and functional consequences of changes in size or scale among otherwise similar organisms.
Why do we use/publish scaling relationships?
We use published scaling relationships to get estimates. These can be used for difficult or impossible measurements (e.g. extinct animal weight).