Comparative Genomics

Question 1

what are -omics studies?

Answer 1

collective technologies used to explore the roles, relationships, and actions of the various types of molecules that make up the cells of an organism.

Question 2

Problem with sequencing revolution

Answer 2

sydney brenner - low input, high throughput, no output’

we dont know what to do with the massive amount of data generated or how to interpret it.

Question 3

what would accelerate research and development in he omics field?

Answer 3

currently too mamy sources of information, databases and lack of standard format and unified information.
A new model of databased which is Unified and easily retrievable.

Question 4

what are the paradigms of biology

Answer 4

1st - Experiments
2nd - Theory
3rd - Simulation
4th - data-driven scientific discovery ( -2005-onwards, huge information explosion)
5th - Data driven scientific innovation - application to society

Question 5

how many omics data be used to create a personalised health care system?

Answer 5

samples from patient go to testing. data to research centre, information to hospital and results used to diagnose patient.

Question 6

How could a personalised medicine point of care work?

Answer 6

monitoring of patients through personal devices, info to health control centre.
Data on client simulated in a virtual human body to determine personalised medicine to be used.
Instruction from health control centre and home delivery of medicine to clients.

Question 7

define orthologues

Answer 7

Gene pairs which have diverged along with speciation

Question 8

define paralogues

Answer 8

Gene pairs that emerged from a gene duplication event.

Question 9

Define xenologues

Answer 9

a gene that emerged from horizontal gene transfer beyone the species barrier.

Question 10

How can you infer if gene pairs are othologes or paraloges.

Answer 10

draw tree of diverging genes
trace back up tree and see point where they split.
If this point is at a speciation event, they are orthologes.
If at a duplication event, they are paralogues.

Question 11

Define horizontal gene transfer

Answer 11

Movement of genetic material between organisms other than through reproduction.

Question 12

Define coalescence

Answer 12

Theory that gene copies evolved from a common ancestor.

Coalescent point - gene copy which is the most recent common ancestor