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VSC 225 > Comparative female anatomy > Flashcards

Comparative female anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 4 components of the female genital organs

A
  1. ovaries (paired)
  2. uterine tubes (paired)
  3. uterus
  4. vagina
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2
Q

What animals (2) have their ovaries near the kidney?

A
  1. dog

2. cat

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3
Q

what animal (1) has the ovaries near the pelvic rim?

A
  1. cow
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4
Q

What animal (1) has the ovary in the mid abdomen?

A

1.pig

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5
Q

What are the two shapes of ovaries?

A
  1. ellipsoid

2. kidney

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6
Q

What animal has a kidney shaped ovary?

A

horse

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7
Q

Name the 3 layers of the ovary

A
  1. medulla (vascular zone)
  2. cortex (parenchymatous zone)
  3. tunica albugineous
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8
Q

How many ovums are contained in a single follicle?

A

one

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9
Q

What is the structure of a mares ovary?

A

reversed, medulla on outer making it smooth, follicles produced inside the ovary (in the cortex). kidney shaped

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10
Q

what are the components (4) of the uterine tube?

A
  1. infundibulum
  2. abdominal ostium
  3. isthmus
  4. uterine ostium
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11
Q

What is the function of the uterine tube (aka salpinx)?

A

capture and convey the ova released from the ovary toward the uterus
convey sperm down toward ovary = fertilization normally occurs within tubes

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12
Q

What is the infundibulum? what is its function?

A

thin walled funnel around the ovary at the junction between the uterine tube and the ovary, collects ova.

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13
Q

what are the finger like projections on the infundibulum?

A

fimbriae, along edge of infundibulum

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14
Q

what is the abdominal ostium?

A

the opening in the infundibulum leading to the uterine tube

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15
Q

what is the ampulla?

A

part of uterine tube closest to the ovary

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16
Q

what is the isthmus?

A

part of the uterine tube closest to the uterus. convoluted and narrower

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17
Q

what is the uterine ostium?

A

opening between the isthmus and the uterus

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18
Q

What are the differences in the uterine ostium openings?

A

a gradual or abrupt opening

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19
Q

Which animals have abrupt uterine ostium?

A

horses and carnivores

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20
Q

which animals have gradual uterine ostium?

A

pigs and ruminants

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21
Q

What is the ovarian bursa?

A

pouch covering the ovary

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22
Q

what is the pathway of the ova from the ovary to the uterus (7)?

A
  1. ovary
  2. infundibulum
  3. abdominal ostium
  4. ampulla
  5. isthmus
  6. uterine ostium
  7. uterus
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23
Q

what is the ligament the suspends the ovary (3)?

A
  1. broad ligament
  2. suspensory ligament
  3. proper ligament
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24
Q

What is the function of the mesovarium?

A

attaches the ovary dorsolaterally to abdominal wall

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25
Q

What is the function of the mesosalpinx?

A

encloses the ovary and entire uterine tube to form the ovarian bursa

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26
Q

what is the function of the mesometrium?

A

attaches the uterus, cervix, cranial vagina to abdominal and pelvic wall

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27
Q

what are the components of the broad ligament (3)?

A
  1. mesovarium
  2. mesosalpinx
  3. mesometrium
28
Q

what is the function of the suspensory ligament of the ovary?

A

suspends the ovary from the abdominal wall

29
Q

what is the function of the proper ligament of the ovary?

A

attaches the ovary to the uterine horn

30
Q

which animal has a highly coiled uterine horn? what is this indicative of?

A

pig, multiple births

31
Q

what is the round ligament of the uterus?

A

ligament that attaches the uterine horn to the inguinal canal

32
Q

what is the inguinal canal?

A

passage through the abdominal wall muscles

33
Q

what are the (3) types of utersus?

A
  1. Duplex
  2. simplex
  3. bocornuate
34
Q

What is a duplex uterus? which animal has this?

A

two separate uterine horns open directly into the vaginal area separately. fuse in vaginal area
e.g. rodent

35
Q

what is a simplex uterus? which animal has this?

A

single uterus, no horns.

e.g. humans and primates

36
Q

what is a bicornuate uterus? which animal has this?

A

single cervix and body, paired horns.

37
Q

what is the body of the uterus? which animals have small and large bodies?

A

point of fusion of horns is the uterine body. bigger the body, smaller the horns.
Large body- horse
small- cow

38
Q

what two uterine ligaments are only present in bovine?

A

dorsal and ventral intercornual ligaments, between the cranial junction of uterine horns

39
Q

what three layers make up the uterine wall?

A
  1. mucosal layer (inner)
    - endometrium
  2. muscular
    - myometrium
  3. serosal layer
    - perimetrium
40
Q

what is the cervical canal?

A

the lumen on the cervix

41
Q

what does the internal and external uterine ostium do?

A

internal- connects the uterus and the cervix
external- connects the cervix and the vagina
barrier

42
Q

which animal has a fornix and what is its function?

A

when cervix projects into the vagina, it creates a ring. The ring like space is called the fornix. Seen in cows and horses

43
Q

What are the 3 types of cervical folding in the mucosa and give an example of each

A
  1. smooth longitudinal
    - horses, cats, dogs
  2. circular
    - cows- plicae circulares
  3. interdigitating projections
    - pig - pulvini cervicales
44
Q

what is a caruncle and where is it found?

A

thickening of the uterine mucosa, produces oval lumps. In uterus.

45
Q

what two parts make up the vagina?

A
  1. cranial vagina
    - between the cervix (external uterine ostium) and the urerthal entrance (urthetral orifice)
  2. vestibule
    - between the urethra orifice and the external vulva
46
Q

What do vestibular glands secrete?

A

Located more caudally, produce a mucous secretion> lube

47
Q

What comprises the vulva?

A 
opening which is bounded by... 
1. labia
- lips, forms a V shape, dorsal pointy
horse opposite, top is rounded 
2. clitoris 
- sits in clitoral fossa
48
Q

What are the 4 major arteries supplying the genital organs?

A
  1. ovarian artery
  2. uterine artery
  3. vaginal artery
  4. internal pudenal
49
Q

where does the ovarian duct branch from?

A

abdominal aorta

50
Q

where does the uterine artery branch from

A

external iliac artery

51
Q

where does the vaginal artery branch from

A

internal peudendal

52
Q

where does the internal pudendal branch from

A

internal iliac artery

53
Q

draw the genital blood supply

A

aorta, ovarian artery, uterine branch, tubarian branch, uterine artery, internal pudendal, umbilical artery, vaginal artery, caudal rectal artery

54
Q

what blood supply is there to the uterine tubes?

A

ovarian and uterine artery

55
Q

what are the 2 major lymph nodes of the genital area?

A

medial iliac and the lumbar aortic

56
Q

what are the 3 major lymph nodes in mares?

A

medial iliac, lumbar aortic and uterine lymph node

57
Q

what is the nervous supply to the ovaries?

A

ANS- sympathetic NS- renal plexus
parasympathetic- vagus nerve
(from the autonomic NS there is both sympathetic and parasympathetic inputs)?

58
Q

Where do the nerves that supply the ovaries originate?

A

pelvic plexus

renal and aortic plexus> 4,5,6th lumbar sympathetic trunk

59
Q

what nerves innovate the uterine tube?

A

sympathetic- aortic and renal plexus

parasympathetic- pelvic plexus

60
Q

How many mammary glands does a dog, cow, goat, horse and pig have?

A 
pig- 14
cow- 4
horse- 2
goat- 2
dog- 8
61
Q

name the three sinuses of the mammary gland

A

lactiferous, teat and glandular sinuses

ducts drain into sinus

62
Q

what is the opening to the teat called?

A

papillary duct

63
Q

what suspensory apparatus hold the mammary in place? which is stronger?

A

lateral and medial fascial sheets with suspensory lamella

medial stronger

64
Q

what is the narrowing of the teat at the base of the udder called?

A

venous ring

65
Q

what is the venous blood supply to the mammary gland (3)?

A 
Milk vein ( superficial caudal epigastric vein)
external pudendal 
ventral labial (from the internal pudendal)
66
Q

what is the artery supply to the mammary gland (2)?

A

external pudendal artery

mammary artery

VSC 225 (1 decks)

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