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Comparative female anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 4 components of the female genital organs

A
  1. ovaries (paired)
  2. uterine tubes (paired)
  3. uterus
  4. vagina
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2
Q

What animals (2) have their ovaries near the kidney?

A
  1. dog

2. cat

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3
Q

what animal (1) has the ovaries near the pelvic rim?

A
  1. cow
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4
Q

What animal (1) has the ovary in the mid abdomen?

A

1.pig

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5
Q

What are the two shapes of ovaries?

A
  1. ellipsoid

2. kidney

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6
Q

What animal has a kidney shaped ovary?

A

horse

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7
Q

Name the 3 layers of the ovary

A
  1. medulla (vascular zone)
  2. cortex (parenchymatous zone)
  3. tunica albugineous
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8
Q

How many ovums are contained in a single follicle?

A

one

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9
Q

What is the structure of a mares ovary?

A

reversed, medulla on outer making it smooth, follicles produced inside the ovary (in the cortex). kidney shaped

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10
Q

what are the components (4) of the uterine tube?

A
  1. infundibulum
  2. abdominal ostium
  3. isthmus
  4. uterine ostium
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11
Q

What is the function of the uterine tube (aka salpinx)?

A

capture and convey the ova released from the ovary toward the uterus
convey sperm down toward ovary = fertilization normally occurs within tubes

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12
Q

What is the infundibulum? what is its function?

A

thin walled funnel around the ovary at the junction between the uterine tube and the ovary, collects ova.

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13
Q

what are the finger like projections on the infundibulum?

A

fimbriae, along edge of infundibulum

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14
Q

what is the abdominal ostium?

A

the opening in the infundibulum leading to the uterine tube

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15
Q

what is the ampulla?

A

part of uterine tube closest to the ovary

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16
Q

what is the isthmus?

A

part of the uterine tube closest to the uterus. convoluted and narrower

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17
Q

what is the uterine ostium?

A

opening between the isthmus and the uterus

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18
Q

What are the differences in the uterine ostium openings?

A

a gradual or abrupt opening

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19
Q

Which animals have abrupt uterine ostium?

A

horses and carnivores

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20
Q

which animals have gradual uterine ostium?

A

pigs and ruminants

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21
Q

What is the ovarian bursa?

A

pouch covering the ovary

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22
Q

what is the pathway of the ova from the ovary to the uterus (7)?

A
  1. ovary
  2. infundibulum
  3. abdominal ostium
  4. ampulla
  5. isthmus
  6. uterine ostium
  7. uterus
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23
Q

what is the ligament the suspends the ovary (3)?

A
  1. broad ligament
  2. suspensory ligament
  3. proper ligament
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24
Q

What is the function of the mesovarium?

A

attaches the ovary dorsolaterally to abdominal wall

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25
What is the function of the mesosalpinx?
encloses the ovary and entire uterine tube to form the ovarian bursa
26
what is the function of the mesometrium?
attaches the uterus, cervix, cranial vagina to abdominal and pelvic wall
27
what are the components of the broad ligament (3)?
1. mesovarium 2. mesosalpinx 3. mesometrium
28
what is the function of the suspensory ligament of the ovary?
suspends the ovary from the abdominal wall
29
what is the function of the proper ligament of the ovary?
attaches the ovary to the uterine horn
30
which animal has a highly coiled uterine horn? what is this indicative of?
pig, multiple births
31
what is the round ligament of the uterus?
ligament that attaches the uterine horn to the inguinal canal
32
what is the inguinal canal?
passage through the abdominal wall muscles
33
what are the (3) types of utersus?
1. Duplex 2. simplex 3. bocornuate
34
What is a duplex uterus? which animal has this?
two separate uterine horns open directly into the vaginal area separately. fuse in vaginal area e.g. rodent
35
what is a simplex uterus? which animal has this?
single uterus, no horns. | e.g. humans and primates
36
what is a bicornuate uterus? which animal has this?
single cervix and body, paired horns.
37
what is the body of the uterus? which animals have small and large bodies?
point of fusion of horns is the uterine body. bigger the body, smaller the horns. Large body- horse small- cow
38
what two uterine ligaments are only present in bovine?
dorsal and ventral intercornual ligaments, between the cranial junction of uterine horns
39
what three layers make up the uterine wall?
1. mucosal layer (inner) - endometrium 2. muscular - myometrium 3. serosal layer - perimetrium
40
what is the cervical canal?
the lumen on the cervix
41
what does the internal and external uterine ostium do?
internal- connects the uterus and the cervix external- connects the cervix and the vagina barrier
42
which animal has a fornix and what is its function?
when cervix projects into the vagina, it creates a ring. The ring like space is called the fornix. Seen in cows and horses
43
What are the 3 types of cervical folding in the mucosa and give an example of each
1. smooth longitudinal - horses, cats, dogs 2. circular - cows- plicae circulares 3. interdigitating projections - pig - pulvini cervicales
44
what is a caruncle and where is it found?
thickening of the uterine mucosa, produces oval lumps. In uterus.
45
what two parts make up the vagina?
1. cranial vagina - between the cervix (external uterine ostium) and the urerthal entrance (urthetral orifice) 2. vestibule - between the urethra orifice and the external vulva
46
What do vestibular glands secrete?
Located more caudally, produce a mucous secretion> lube
47
What comprises the vulva?
``` opening which is bounded by... 1. labia - lips, forms a V shape, dorsal pointy horse opposite, top is rounded 2. clitoris - sits in clitoral fossa ```
48
What are the 4 major arteries supplying the genital organs?
1. ovarian artery 2. uterine artery 3. vaginal artery 4. internal pudenal
49
where does the ovarian duct branch from?
abdominal aorta
50
where does the uterine artery branch from
external iliac artery
51
where does the vaginal artery branch from
internal peudendal
52
where does the internal pudendal branch from
internal iliac artery
53
draw the genital blood supply
aorta, ovarian artery, uterine branch, tubarian branch, uterine artery, internal pudendal, umbilical artery, vaginal artery, caudal rectal artery
54
what blood supply is there to the uterine tubes?
ovarian and uterine artery
55
what are the 2 major lymph nodes of the genital area?
medial iliac and the lumbar aortic
56
what are the 3 major lymph nodes in mares?
medial iliac, lumbar aortic and uterine lymph node
57
what is the nervous supply to the ovaries?
ANS- sympathetic NS- renal plexus parasympathetic- vagus nerve (from the autonomic NS there is both sympathetic and parasympathetic inputs)?
58
Where do the nerves that supply the ovaries originate?
pelvic plexus | renal and aortic plexus> 4,5,6th lumbar sympathetic trunk
59
what nerves innovate the uterine tube?
sympathetic- aortic and renal plexus | parasympathetic- pelvic plexus
60
How many mammary glands does a dog, cow, goat, horse and pig have?
``` pig- 14 cow- 4 horse- 2 goat- 2 dog- 8 ```
61
name the three sinuses of the mammary gland
lactiferous, teat and glandular sinuses | ducts drain into sinus
62
what is the opening to the teat called?
papillary duct
63
what suspensory apparatus hold the mammary in place? which is stronger?
lateral and medial fascial sheets with suspensory lamella | medial stronger
64
what is the narrowing of the teat at the base of the udder called?
venous ring
65
what is the venous blood supply to the mammary gland (3)?
``` Milk vein ( superficial caudal epigastric vein) external pudendal ventral labial (from the internal pudendal) ```
66
what is the artery supply to the mammary gland (2)?
external pudendal artery | mammary artery

VSC 225 (1 decks)

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