Comparative Adaptions

Question 1

3 speed adaptions

Answer 1

1. reduction of mass of limbs (small tib/fib)
2. fleshy parts close to body
3. feet reduced number of toes

Question 2

increased freedom by 2

Answer 2

1. reduced clavicle

2. reorientate scapula on side of narrow chest

Question 3

foot posture

Answer 3

plantigrade (human)
digitigrade (Dog)
unguligrade (horse)

Question 4

dental formula placental

Answer 4

3.1.4.3 / 3.1.4.3

special is rabbit: 2.0.3.3 / 1.0.2.3

Question 5

dental formula marsupials, weird skull?

Answer 5

5.1.3.4 / 4.1.3.4

also extra hole in the palate, and pinched skull

Question 6

carnivores jaw 5

Answer 6

• large temp muscle
• large coronoid process
• moderate masseter muscle
• small pterygoid muscle
• jaw joint, nearly in line with tooth row

Question 7

herbivore jaw 5

Answer 7

• small temp muscle
• absent coronoid process
• large masseter muscle
• large pterygoid muscle
• jaw joint, high above tooth row

Question 8

nasal chamber with delicate scrolls of bone

Answer 8

nasal conchae, turbinate bone

Question 9

Special: opossum

Answer 9

small incisors fit like a puzzle

Question 10

Special: Carnivores

Answer 10

well developed canines

Question 11

Special: Herbivores

Answer 11

strong incisors, well developed molar/premolars, grab food

Question 12

Special: Rodents/lagomorphs

Answer 12

gnawing incisors, ever growing, no canines because no piercing needed

Question 13

Special: armadillo

Answer 13

derived for specific food type

Question 14

Special: Anteater

Answer 14

no teeth

Question 15

Digger Adaptions

Answer 15

• moles have tight fitting jaws with bones fitting in grooves to keep dirt out of eyes.
• smaller eyes, lips
• short legs
• digging ratio is big because more area for muscles to attach to
• increase digging force by increasing leverage, insert muscles far away from joints they move
• hind libs for bracing animal
• wombat has big clavicle for support while digging