Comp Sci Unit 1

Question 1

Strong Password

Answer 1

a password that is easy for a user to remember but would be difficult for someone else to guess based on knowledge of that user

Question 2

Algorithm

Answer 2

a finite set of instructions that accomplish a specific task

Question 3

Abstraction

Answer 3

the process of reducing complexity by focusing on the main idea

Question 4

Sequencing

Answer 4

the application of each step of an algorithm in the order in which the code statements are given

Question 5

Selection

Answer 5

determines which parts of an algorithm are executed based on a condition being true or false

Question 6

Iteration

Answer 6

a repeating portion of an algorithm

Question 7

Encryption

Answer 7

the process of encoding data to prevent unauthorized access

Question 8

Decryption

Answer 8

the process of decoding the data

Question 9

Programming Languages

Answer 9

used to implement algorithms executed by programs

Question 10

Problem

Answer 10

a general description of a task that can (or cannot) be solved algorithmically

Question 11

Instance of a Problem

Answer 11

a specific task that needs to be solved with specific input

Question 12

Decision problem

Answer 12

a problem with a yes/no answer

Question 13

Optimization problem

Answer 13

a problem with the goal of finding the “best” solution among many

Question 14

Decidable problem

Answer 14

a decision problem for which an algorithm can be written to produce a correct output for all inputs

Question 15

Undecidable Problem (Halting Problem)

Answer 15

one in which no algorithm can be constructed that always leads to a correct yes-or-no answer

Question 16

Scalability

Answer 16

the capacity for a system to change in size and scale to meet new demands

Question 17

Efficiency

Answer 17

an estimation of the amount of computational resources used by an algorithm

Question 18

Linear or Sequential Search

Answer 18

search algorithms that check each element of a list, in order, until the desired value is found or all elements in the list have been checked

Question 19

Binary Search

Answer 19

a search algorithm that starts at the middle of a sorted data set of numbers and eliminates half of the data; this process repeats until the desired value is found or all elements have been eliminated

Question 20

Heuristic

Answer 20

an approach to a problem that produces a solution that is not guaranteed to be optimal but may be used when techniques that are guaranteed to always find an optimal solution are impractical

Question 21

Algorithmic Bias

Answer 21

bias embedded into algorithms and any level of software development

Question 22

Low-level Programming Language

Answer 22

Binary/Machine Language

Question 23

High-level programming Language

Answer 23

Easy to understand for computers and humans

Question 24

Pseudocode

Answer 24

“fake code” Understandable by people

Question 25

Vigenere Cipher

Answer 25

Use numbers of each letter and add–> convert back

Question 26

Caesar Cipher

Answer 26

offset by number

Question 27

Quadratic vs. Constant vs. Logarithmic vs. Linear (programs)

Answer 27

Quadratic= As the size of a problem grows, the amount of extra work required increases much more quickly.
Constant= Same amount of work no matter what
Logarithmic=Every doubling of the size of a problem only requires one extra unit of work.
Linear= As the size of a problem grows, the amount of work required grows at approximately the same rate.