Comp Sci quiz 1 Flashcards
ALU
arithmetic logic unit, a digital circuit that performs integer arithmetic and logical operations
CPU
central processing unit, the brain of the computer that handles all the instructions you give it
IDE
integrated development environment, groups together all the tools needed for programming in one environment
JDK
Java Development kit, an implementation of either one of Java’s platforms
TCP/IP
internet protocol suite, the networking model and communications protocol used in the internet
OOP
object-oriented programming, a programming paradigm that represents the concept of “objects” that have data fields and methods
RAM
random access memory, a type of memory in which a reader can go to a specific item without having to start at the beginning
ROM
read only memory, computer hardware that stores programs or data that cannot be added to, modified or deleted
I/O
input/output, the communication between an information processing system and the outside world
API
application programming interface, a software component in terms of its operations, their inputs and underlying types
JRE
the runtime portions of Java software, all you need to run your web browser
JVM
Java Virtual Machine, the runtime engine of the java platform which allows any program written in Java or other language to run on any computer that has a native JVM
HTML
hyperlink markup language, a standardized system for tagging text files to achieve font, color, graphic and hyperlink effects
URL
uniform resource locator, a reference to a resource on the internet
clock
a microschip that regulates the timing and speed of all computer functions
clock speed
the speed at which the microprocessor executes each instruction
Bus or Data Width
a group of electrical wires used to send information back and forth between two or more components
compiler
a computer program that transforms source code written in a programming language into another computer language
interpreter
a program that can analyze and execute a program line by line
high-level language
a machine independent language that let the programmer concentrate on the logic of the problem to be solved rather than the intricacies of the machine
booting
starting a computer into a state of readiness
USB
universal series bus, way for communication and power supply between computers and electronic devices
registers
small set of data holding place
logic gate
the building blocks of digital technology, an integrated circuit or other device whose inputs and outpus represent binary values
integrated circuit
an electronic circuit formed on a small piece of semiconducting material, performing the same function as a larger circuit made from discrete components
OS
a software that manages computer hardware and software sources, common services for computer programs
volatile
retaining data only as long as there is a power supply connected
bit
the smallest element of computer storage
byte
a contiguous sequence of binary bits
four basic functions of a computer
input, processing, output, storage
why is binary used
we don’t have technology to create more than two possible states
four steps of machine cycles
fetch, decode, execute, storing
fetch
load instruction from the memory
decode
determine what the instruction is telling the computer to do
execute
CPU executes instruction by ALU
storing
the process of writing the result to memory
who coined the term computer bug?
grace hopper
